中国出境旅游的外交效应

2000年以来，中国出境旅游高增长、高消费，影响力不断增大，成为国家外交战略的重要内容，外交效应逐渐显现。通过辨析中国出境旅游外交效应的概念、表现形式和结果，基于10个中国主要出境目的国的旅游互动数据，采用DIF-GMM计量经济模型，实证检验了中国出境旅游外交效应。结果表明，中国通过有序推进ADS协议、加强经济援助、举办“旅游年”活动、实施旅游“制裁”，并积极参与国际制度建设等旅游外交行为，促进了与世界各国的友好交往，维护了自身核心利益，提升了外交软实力和国际影响力。国际旅游反作用于国际关系，对国际关系具有显著的正向促进作用，不仅是国际关系的结果，而且是其重要动因之一。中国出境旅游与政治、经济、社会、文化等联动，多方面提升了中国的国际影响力。     

医学留学生化学实验全英文教学资源建设与实践*

针对目前化学实验全英文在线教学资源匹配度较低、相对匮乏等问题,以医学留学生为中心,建设了有声课件、模块化实景实验操作视频以及测试题库3种不同类型的化学实验全英文教学资源,通过资源的线下使用和基于雨课堂的在线预习,实现从“集中、定时、定点”的传统教学模式向“模块化、碎片化、信息化”的混合教学模式转变,可以丰富教学资源和教学手段,改进教学秩序,提高医学留学生化学知识和技能学习的积极性和主动性,使“教”“学”良性循环,可切实提高化学实验国际化教学质量。     

Lot‐sizing policies for deterioration items under two‐level trade credit with partial trade credit to credit‐risk retailer and limited storage capacity

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the optimal wholesaler's replenishment decisions for deterioration items under two levels of the trade credit policy and two storage facilities in order to reflect the supply chain management situation within the economic order quantity framework. In this study, each of the following assumptions have been made: (1) The own warehouse with limited capacity always is not sufficient to store the order quantity, so that a rented warehouse is needed to store the excess units over the capacity of the own warehouse; (2) The wholesaler always obtains the partial trade credit, which is independent of the order quantity offered by the supplier, but the wholesaler offers the full trade credit to the retailer; (3) The wholesaler must take a loan to pay his or her supplier the partial payment immediately when the order is received and then pay off the loan with the entire revenue. Under these three conditions, the wholesaler can obtain the least costs. Furthermore, this study models the wholesaler's optimal replenishment decisions under the aforementioned conditions in the supply chain management. Two theorems are developed to efficiently determine the optimal replenishment decisions for the wholesaler. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theorems that are proven in this study, and the sensitivity analysis with respect to the major parameters in this study is performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于电磁振动上料的茶梗和昆虫异物近红外光谱和荧光图像在线检测研究

茶叶是大众青睐的健康饮品之一,但茶叶在机器采收和加工过程中,容易混入茶梗和昆虫异物,污染茶叶、影响其质量安全,是未来应防范和检测的重点。X射线成像技术,根据食品基质和异物的密度差实施检测,广泛适用于金属异物并延伸至高密度塑料,但对于茶梗、昆虫这类低密度有机异物尚不适用,所以迫切需要研发新型无损检测技术和方法。针对片状茶叶重叠、遮掩异物的问题,提出了电磁振动上料辅助近红外光谱和荧光图像的检测方案,进行绿茶中的内源性异物茶梗和外源性异物昆虫的在线检测研究。通过电磁振动上料辅助近红外光谱和荧光成像系统,采集了600～1 050 nm范围的近红外光谱600条和RGB-N四通道图像各65幅。采用451条光谱进行建模,其余149条光谱作为预测集,评估模型的性能,比较了去趋势(Detrending)、多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变换(SNV)、变权重正态变换(VSN)、迭代自适应加权惩罚最小二乘法(airPLS)、不对称最小二乘法(ALS)、光程估计与校正(OPLEC)等不同光谱预处理方法的处理效果,其中OPLEC能较好地消除散射效应,偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)模型的正确识别率由78%提...     

The impact of environmental regulations on forest product trade in China

Forest product trade plays an important role in the development of the Chinese forest industry. The trading value of forest product has shown a yearly growth rate of 12% during the last five recent years. Stringent environmental regulations in China have a profound impact on raw material supplies and industrial production in the forest sector; however, their impact on the forest product trade is still unclear. This study applies fixed and random effects models as well as a seemingly unrelated regression model to investigate the impact of environmental regulations on the trade of forest product from 2002 to 2015. The results indicate that the stringent environmental regulations promoted the import but restricted the export of forest product in general. Specifically, the stringent environmental regulations stimulated the import but had an ambiguous impact on the export of the paper product. The stringent environmental regulations had also stimulated the import of wood product but inhibited the export. In contrast, wooden furniture had been affected minimally; only export got slightly negatively affected by environmental regulations. Recommendations for resource managers:

• Trade‐offs between economic growth and environmental regulations are needed to smoothly promote the forest product trade in China.
• Paper and wooden furniture product sectors are less likely to be affected by stringent environmental regulations, because high value‐added products could compensate for environmental costs.
• The wood product sector is more likely to be negatively affected by stringent environmental regulations because environmental costs could severely impact the competitiveness of low value‐added products.

     

生产率差异与企业对外直接投资进入模式选择

基于企业异质性视角,借鉴演化博弈理论探究企业通过OFDI“走出去”时的跨国并购方和标的方在全要素生产率上的差异对企业OFDI进入策略选择的影响机制。利用Hotelling模型构造资本密集型企业与劳动密集型企业OFDI进入策略选择博弈模型,讨论两类企业OFDI进入方式决策在并购双方生产率差异变化之下的变迁机理。研究发现:当并购方和被并购方生产率差异较小时,市场达到两类企业都倾向于跨国并购策略的演化稳定状态;当并购双方生产率差异较大时,企业的生产要素密集度及其结构对其OFDI进入模式决策具有重要的作用,知识或技术密集度较高的资本密集型企业与综合实力强势的部分劳动密集型企业采取跨国并购战略,而另一部分劳动密集型企业选择绿地新建方式进入国际市场。即企业OFDI进入策略选择因其所属的行业生产要素密集度及其结构不同而具有差异性。研究结论在一定程度上弥补了现有研究的不足,为以后的研究工作提供一定的理论参考。     

中外零售商中国市场互动关系的演化博弈分析——以大商与沃尔玛为例

在经济全球化大背景下,中外零售企业长期共存、共同发展的局面将会是中国零售市场的现实状况.对中外零售商的互动博弈进行深入剖析,将有助于更好地把握中外零售商的竞争态势,制定促进本土零售商持续发展的合理战略.基于演化博弈论构建模型,并以大商集团和沃尔玛为例,尝试性地对中外零售商之间的互动关系进行了分析,从而得出结论:中外零售商之间存在着较为复杂的互动关系,双方是合作还是竞争取决于市场环境、合作成本、合作收益以及各自的发展战略等多方面因素.     

外商直接投资对国内投资挤入挤出效应的区制动态分析

本文以1999年到2013年的外商直接投资和国内投资的季度数据为基础,采用MS-VECM模型对我国外商直接投资与国内投资的区制状态、区制相关性以及转移概率进行了实证分析。结果表明,在整个样本期内,外商直接投资对我国的国内投资总体上存在挤入效应,但从动态时间路径上看,在经济运行的不同时期,外商直接投资对我国国内投资的影响并不一致,在1999年一季度至2005年三季度期间表现为对国内投资的挤出效应,而在2005年四季度至2013年四季度期间则表现为挤入效应     

医学留学生基础化学的情境化教学探索

为保证医学院校留学生的教学质量,提高教学水平,在基础化学教学过程中,打破传统教学方法,选用抛锚式教学、认知学徒制和课堂学习共同体3种适合于留学生教学的情境化教学模式,将化学学科的内容情境化,让学生不去死记硬背学科知识,以达到的最佳教学效果。     

Modulation of Foreign Body Reaction against PDMS Implant by Grafting Topographically Different Poly(acrylic acid) Micropatterns

The surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layers via surface‐initiated photopolymerization to suppress the capsular contracture resulting from a foreign body reaction. Owing to the nature of photo‐induced polymerization, various PAA micropatterns can be fabricated using photolithography. Hole and stripe micropatterns ≈100‐µm wide and 3‐µm thick are grafted onto the PDMS surface without delamination. The incorporation of PAA micropatterns provides not only chemical cues by hydrophilic PAA microdomains but also topographical cues by hole or stripe micropatterns. In vitro studies reveal that a PAA‐grafted PDMS surface has a lower proliferation of both macrophages (Raw 264.7) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) regardless of the pattern presence. However, PDMS with PAA micropatterns, especially stripe micropatterns, minimizes the aggregation of fibroblasts and their subsequent differentiation into myofibroblasts. An in vivo study also shows that PDMS samples with stripe micropatterns polarized macrophages into anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages and most effectively inhibits capsular contracture, which is demonstrated by investigation of inflammation score, transforming‐growth‐factor‐β expression, number of macrophages, and myofibroblasts as well as the collagen density and capsule thickness.