全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3993篇 |
免费 | 522篇 |
国内免费 | 367篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 926篇 |
晶体学 | 30篇 |
力学 | 120篇 |
综合类 | 118篇 |
数学 | 2494篇 |
物理学 | 1194篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 71篇 |
2021年 | 98篇 |
2020年 | 120篇 |
2019年 | 115篇 |
2018年 | 107篇 |
2017年 | 121篇 |
2016年 | 142篇 |
2015年 | 97篇 |
2014年 | 223篇 |
2013年 | 433篇 |
2012年 | 207篇 |
2011年 | 261篇 |
2010年 | 225篇 |
2009年 | 258篇 |
2008年 | 270篇 |
2007年 | 254篇 |
2006年 | 232篇 |
2005年 | 193篇 |
2004年 | 200篇 |
2003年 | 188篇 |
2002年 | 171篇 |
2001年 | 123篇 |
2000年 | 95篇 |
1999年 | 107篇 |
1998年 | 90篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 63篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4882条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
具有n个顶点且度序列为(m,2,…,2,1,…,1)(1的重数为m)的连通图不止一个(这些图均为树),而每个树对应唯一一个段序列(l1,l2,…,lm).通过对任意一树移动最长段的悬挂点到最短段悬挂点的方式得到另一树,比较前后两树的覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本,给出了具有最小覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本的极树,并且进一步给出了取得最小覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本的顶点. 相似文献
2.
汽配件颜色喷涂顺序问题通常以生产线上相邻汽配件颜色切换次数少为最优目标,以进一步降低生产成本.该类问题具有所有汽配件都必须喷涂一次且只喷涂一次的特点,为此提出了TSP转化与建模的方法.将待喷涂汽配件定义为TSP顶点,任意两个待喷涂汽配件的颜色切换定义为顶点的距离,仿照TSP问题构建0-1规划模型;类似于顶点距离,将某些汽配件的颜色或类别不相邻要求定义为0-1矩阵,巧妙地构造了喷涂生产的约束条件.该建模方法简单快速,通用性高,适用于具有类似特点的各类生产实践问题. 相似文献
3.
Ai‐Xin Zhu Qing‐Yuan Yang Soumya Mukherjee Amrit Kumar Cheng‐Hua Deng Andrey A. Bezrukov Mohana Shivanna Michael J. Zaworotko 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2019,58(50):18212-18217
Coordination networks that reversibly switch between closed and open phases are of topical interest since their stepped isotherms can offer higher working capacities for gas‐storage applications than the related rigid porous coordination networks. To be of practical utility, the pressures at which switching occurs, the gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressures, must lie between the storage and delivery pressures. Here we study the effect of linker substitution to fine‐tune gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressure. Specifically, three variants of a previously reported pcu ‐topology MOF, X‐pcu‐5‐Zn , have been prepared: X‐pcu‐6‐Zn , 6 =1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpe), X‐pcu‐7‐Zn , 7 =1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene (bpa), and X‐pcu‐8‐Zn , 8 =4,4′‐azopyridine (apy). Each exhibited switching isotherms but at different gate‐opening pressures. The N2, CO2, C2H2, and C2H4 adsorption isotherms consistently indicated that the most flexible dipyridyl organic linker, 6 , afforded lower gate‐opening and gate‐closing pressures. This simple design principle enables a rational control of the switching behavior in adsorbent materials. 相似文献
4.
本文主要研究阿贝尔范畴粘合$(\mathscr{A}, \mathscr{B}, \mathscr{C})$中$\mathscr{A}$, $\mathscr{B}$与$\mathscr{C}$之间的倾斜同调维数关系. 特别地,对遗传的阿贝尔范畴$\mathscr{B}$,给出了粘合$(\mathscr{A}, \mathscr{B}, \mathscr{C})$中的范畴之间的$n$-几乎可裂序列间的联系. 相似文献
5.
6.
Let X be a compact metric space and T:X-→X be continuous.Let h*(T)be the supremum of topological sequence entropies of T over all the subsequences of Z+and S(X)be the set of the values h*(T)for all the continuous maps T on X.It is known that{0}■S(X)■{0,log 2,log 3,...}∪{∞}.Only three possibilities for S(X)have been observed so far,namely S(X)={0},S(X)={0,log 2,∞}and S(X)={0,log 2,log 3,...}∪{∞}.In this paper we completely solve the problem of finding all possibilities for S(X)by showing that in fact for every set{0}?A?{0,log 2,log 3,...}∪{∞}there exists a one-dimensional continuum XAwith S(XA)=A.In the construction of XAwe use Cook continua.This is apparently the first application of these very rigid continua in dynamics.We further show that the same result is true if one considers only homeomorphisms rather than continuous maps.The problem for group actions is also addressed.For some class of group actions(by homeomorphisms)we provide an analogous result,but in full generality this problem remains open. 相似文献
7.
层状稀土氢氧化物是一类新型的稀土功能材料,本文采用固体核磁共振(SSNMR)方法研究了同时具备离子交换能力和非线性光学特性的层状La(OH)2NO3化合物,探讨了通过四极核CPMG(QCPMG)脉冲序列和变频谱图采集获取超宽139La SSNMR谱图的方法,并描述了适用于此类实验的滤波方程和谱图重建方法.重建谱图同时包含四极核中心跃迁和卫星跃迁信息,本文使用QUEST软件对超宽139La NMR谱图进行了模拟,获取的四极耦合常数CQ和非对称因子ηQ均与CASTEP密度泛函理论计算值高度吻合.SSNMR实验结果证实层状La(OH)2NO3化合物属于非中心对称结构(P21),解决了对其结构长期以来存在的争论. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACTQM(UB3LYP)/MM(AMBER) calculations were performed for the locations of the transition structure (TS) of the oxygen–oxygen (O–O) bond formation in the S4 state of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). The natural orbital (NO) analysis of the broken-symmetry (BS) solutions was also performed to elucidate the nature of the chemical bonds at TS on the basis of several chemical indices defined by the occupation numbers of NO. The computational results revealed a concerted bond switching (CBS) mechanism for the oxygen–oxygen bond formation coupled with the one-electron transfer (OET) for water oxidation in OEC of PSII. The orbital interaction between the σ-HOMO of the Mn(IV)4–O(5) bond and the π*-LUMO of the Mn(V)1=O(6) bond plays an important role for the concerted O–O bond formation for water oxidation in the CaMn4O6 cluster of OEC of PSII. One electron transfer (OET) from the π-HOMO of the Mn(V)1=O(6) bond to the σ*-LUMO of the Mn(IV)4–O(5) bond occurs for the formation of electron transfer diradical, where the generated anion radical [Mn(IV)4–O(5)]-? part is relaxed to the ?Mn(III)4?…?O(5)- structure and the cation radical [O(6)=Mn(V)1]+ ? part is relaxed to the +O(6)–Mn(IV)1? structure because of the charge-spin separation for the electron-and hole-doped Mn–oxo bonds. Therefore, the local spins are responsible for the one-electron reductions of Mn(IV)4->Mn(III)4 and Mn(V)1->Mn(IV)1. On the other hand, the O(5)- and O(6)+ sites generated undergo the O–O bond formation in the CaMn4O6 cluster. The Ca(II) ion in the cubane- skeleton of the CaMn4O6 cluster assists the above orbital interactions by the lowering of the orbital energy levels of π*-LUMO of Mn(V)1=O(6) and σ*-LUMO of Mn(IV)4–O(5), indicating an important role of its Lewis acidity. Present CBS mechanism for the O–O bond formation coupled with one electron reductions of the high-valent Mn ions is different from the conventional radical coupling (RC) and acid-base (AB) mechanisms for water oxidation in artificial and native photosynthesis systems. The proton-coupled electron transfer (PC-OET) mechanism for the O–O bond formation is also touched in relation to the CBS-OET mechanism. 相似文献
9.
10.
Yun Bai Huaiyu Wang Jianghua He Yuetao Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(28):11710-11716
An immortal N-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-imine/diisobutyl (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) aluminum (P(NIiPr)Ph2/(BHT)AliBu2)-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) polymerization strategy is presented for rapid and scalable synthesis of the sequence-controlled multiblock copolymers at room temperature. Without addition of extra initiator or catalyst and complex synthetic procedure, this method enabled a tripentacontablock copolymer (n=53, k=4, dpn=50) to be achieved with the highest reported block number (n=53) and molecular weight (Mn=310 kg mol−1) within 30 min. More importantly, this FLP polymerization strategy provided access to the multiblock copolymers with tailored properties by precisely adjusting the monomer sequence and block numbers. 相似文献