排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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随着我国报废汽车数量的增多,由其造成的交通隐患、环境污染和资源浪费已成为重要社会问题,而如何设计合理可行的回收模式成为解决问题的关键。以制造商主导为前提,提出了基于企业社会责任的报废汽车回收模型,构建了制造商回收、销售商回收和第三方回收模式下的回收流程和数学模型,通过实例对考虑和不考虑企业社会责任两种情况下的回收模型进行了分析,探讨了不同政府奖励下报废汽车回收模式的策略选择。通过研究发现:(1)不论是否考虑企业社会责任,随着政府奖励的增加,制造商最终都会选择由自己进行回收;(2)当考虑企业社会责任时,政府奖励和决策者经济责任偏好都会导致决策的改变,随着政府奖励和赋予经济责任权重的同步增加,制造商的决策由第三方企业回收模式或销售商回收模式变成了制造商回收模式,表明政府奖励和企业社会责任对报废汽车回收模式选择具有显著影响。 相似文献
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从企业社会责任对消费者偏好的影响入手,运用博弈论的基本思想,对制销供应链中,制造商与分销商一次性博弈的定价和利润分配策略进行了研究,并在此基础上对不同情况下制销双方重复性博弈的均衡结果进行了讨论.结果表明:在两类制销供应链中,联盟定价都是制销双方一次性博弈的唯一纳什均衡结果,且在制销双方商定的利润分配因子的取值范围内双方联盟后所得的利润高于联盟之前;在两类制销供应链中,制造商与分销商坚持联盟定价对双方的长期利润都是最优的. 相似文献
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近几年来,无论是理论界还是实务界,对供应链管理理念在企业短期财务管理中的应用日益关注.负营运资本管理和类金融模式即是两种典型的形式.对2001-2006年间实施后一年较前一年的79个供应链管理样本进行细分,分为物理供应链样本25个,财务供应链样本54个,运用单样本t检验、单样本位置参数的Wilcoxon符号秩检验和一般线性回归法来深入探究两类供应链管理之间的关系以及二者对企业财务绩效的影响有何差异.实证结果显示:在物理供应链样本中,产成品周转率和存货周转率在10%的水平上有了显著的提高,但并未转化为盈利指标的改善.在财务供应链样本中,营业利润率和净资产收益率在5%的水平上有了显著的提高,即看到了盈利指标的改善.财务供应链管理对业绩的影响更为直接.但回归分析的结果显示:实施类金融模式会阻碍营业利润率的提高.该文的研究结论在更深入的层面上揭示了两类供应链管理之间的关系,有利于提高对供应链管理对企业财务绩效影响机制的认识. 相似文献
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Wei Yang Itır Z. Karaesmen Pınar Keskinocak Sridhar Tayur 《Annals of Operations Research》2008,159(1):415-431
Fractional aircraft ownership programs, where individuals or corporations own a fraction of an aircraft, have revolutionized
the corporate aviation industry. Fractional management companies (FMC) manage all aspects of aircraft operations enabling
the owners to enjoy the benefits of private aviation without the associated responsibilities. We describe here the development
of a scheduling decision support tool for a leading FMC. We present mathematical models, exact and heuristic solution methods.
Our computational results using real and randomly generated data indicate that these models are quite effective in finding
optimal or near-optimal solutions. The first phase of the implementation of one of these models at the FMC led to a significant
improvement in effective utilization of the aircraft, reduction of costs due to reduced empty moves, and hence increased profits. 相似文献
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本文研究制造商承担企业社会责任时,竞争市场下供应链的均衡价格策略。通过Stackelberg博弈模型,探讨供应链成员的风险规避程度、竞争市场的需求波动性和竞争市场的需求相关性以及制造商企业社会责任水平对供应链均衡策略的影响。研究表明,在制造商承担企业社会责任时,风险规避程度对价格策略的影响依赖于制造商企业社会责任水平的高低;竞争市场的需求波动性较大或竞争市场需求相关性较高时,制造商向下游风险规避型零售商提供较低的批发价格合约, 此时产品的市场价格降低,消费者福利增加;当制造商的生产成本较低时,承担越高的企业社会责任导致消费者福利增加;反之,当制造商的生产成本较高时,消费者福利总是减少。 相似文献
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Nanotechnology and the need for risk governance 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
After identifying the main characteristics and prospects of nanotechnology as an emerging technology, the paper presents the general risks associated with nanotechnology applications and the deficits of the risk governance process today, concluding with recommendations to governments, industry, international organizations and other stakeholders. The International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) has identified a governance gap between the requirements pertaining to the nano- rather than the micro-/macro- technologies. The novel attributes of nanotechnology demand different routes for risk-benefit assessment and risk management, and at present, nanotechnology innovation proceeds ahead of the policy and regulatory environment. In the shorter term, the governance gap is significant for those passive nanostructures that are currently in production and have high exposure rates; and is especially significant for the several ‘active’ nanoscale structures and nanosystems that we can expect to be on the market in the near future. Active nanoscale structures and nanosystems have the potential to affect not only human health and the environment but also aspects of social lifestyle, human identity and cultural values. The main recommendations of the report deal with selected higher risk nanotechnology applications, short- and long-term issues, and global models for nanotechnology governance. 相似文献
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关于建立新型激励机制与综合应用激励手段的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文从西方激励理论与我国企业现状出发.探索了建立适合改革中的企业管理体制的新型激励机制之路,指出新型激励机制中多种激励手段应有机地综合运用.首先对西方激励理论进行了分析.而后对“人”在管理中的地位进行了探讨.在分析我国激励机制中现存缺陷后.提出了从组织结构、企业文化、领导行为多个方面进行变革以建立新型激励机制的建议. 相似文献
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We consider the problem of discriminating between two independent multivariate normal populations, Np(μ1, Σ1) and Np(μ2, Σ2), having distinct mean vectors μ1 and μ2 and distinct covariance matrices Σ1 and Σ2. The parameters μ1, μ2, Σ1, and Σ2 are unknown and are estimated by means of independent random training samples from each population. We derive a stochastic representation for the exact distribution of the “plug-in” quadratic discriminant function for classifying a new observation between the two populations. The stochastic representation involves only the classical standard normal, chi-square, and F distributions and is easily implemented for simulation purposes. Using Monte Carlo simulation of the stochastic representation we provide applications to the estimation of misclassification probabilities for the well-known iris data studied by Fisher (Ann. Eugen.7 (1936), 179–188); a data set on corporate financial ratios provided by Johnson and Wichern (Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 4th ed., Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1998); and a data set analyzed by Reaven and Miller (Diabetologia16 (1979), 17–24) in a classification of diabetic status. 相似文献