Real Brauer characters

In this paper, we determine the structure of finite groups with a small number of real-valued irreducible Brauer characters.     

Improved and self-tuned occurrence heuristics

In this note we present three efficient variations of the occurrence heuristic, adopted by many exact string matching algorithms and first introduced in the well-known Boyer–Moore algorithm. Our first heuristic, called improved-occurrence heuristic, is a simple improvement of the rule introduced by Sunday in his Quick-Search algorithm. Our second heuristic, called worst-occurrence heuristic, achieves its speed-up by selecting the relative position which yields the largest average advancement. Finally, our third heuristic, called jumping-occurrence heuristic, uses two characters for computing the next shift. Setting the distance between these two characters optimally allows one to maximize the average advancement. The worst-occurrence and jumping-occurrence heuristics tune their parameters according to the distribution of the characters in the text. Experimental results show that the newly proposed heuristics achieve very good results on average, especially in the case of small alphabets.     

基于RST-QFD-Bayes的新型装甲装备通用质量特性评价指标体系构建研究

针对新型装甲装备通用质量特性评价指标体系难以确定的问题,在明确评价指标体系构建原则的基础上,结合新型装甲装备特点,确定了通用质量特性初始评价指标及指标筛选要求,运用QFD将新型装甲装备通用质量特性需求映射为评价指标筛选要求,采用粗糙集理论(Rough Set Theory,RST)确定了指标筛选重要度,考虑到关联度的不确定性及多个专家估计值的平均值和估计值的波动程度,将贝叶斯理论引入关系矩阵的确定中,用区间数确定了关联度,进行了评价指标筛选,构建了新型装甲装备通用质量特性评价指标体系,为新型装甲装备通用质量特性评价奠定了基础。     

Investigation on heavy crude-water two phase flow and related flow characteristics

In this paper, heavy crude oil–water flows are studied in a horizontal stainless steel test section with 25.4 mm ID and overall length of 50 m. Crude oil (viscosity = 628.1 mPa s, interfacial tension with water = 10.33 mN/m at 60 °C) and water, collected from an oilfield, were used as test fluids. Visual observations, local sampling and pressure drop measurements were used to identify the flow patterns and their transitions. It was found that in all conditions studied there was a water-in-oil emulsion present. At low mixture velocities and water fractions this occupied the whole pipe cross section. As the velocity or the volume fraction increased water appeared to segregate. At high water fractions and mixture velocities annular flow appeared with the water-in-oil emulsion in the core surrounded by a water layer. The results were compared with those from a model oil with the same viscosity. At low water fractions there was a similarity between the patterns observed with the two oil systems characterized by water segregation from an oil continuous dispersion with increasing water fraction or mixture velocity. However, at high water fractions an oil-in-water dispersion formed with the model oil that was not seen with the crude oil. Pressure drop was generally higher for the crude oil system compared to the model one, while in both cases it decreased when water started to segregate and form layers in contact with the pipe wall. The differences between the two oil systems are attributed to the natural surfactants present in the heavy crude oil (such as asphaltenes and resins), which tend to accumulate on the water/oil interface, retard film drainage and maintain the stability of water drops in oil.     

磨西河流域泥石流流域形态的非线性特征

泥石流是磨西河流域地质环境演化的一个重要地表过程,研究该流域内泥石流的地貌发育及演化特征可为磨西河流域第四纪以来地质环境的演变提供重要信息。通过对流域51条泥石流沟地貌形态的统计分析发现,磨西河流域内泥石流的分布在空间上表现出明显的不均性,流域内泥石流沟的数量与对应的主沟长度、主沟纵比降及流域面积之间存在着明显的分形现象,具有较高的自相似性。结果表明,泥石流沟谷形态的非线性演化特征及现象是对磨西河流域冰川环境和地质构造环境响应的直接结果,主要体现在现代冰川对流域的强烈侵蚀和贡嘎山隆升而导致流域的强烈下切。研究结果可为流域内泥石流灾害的形成机理、防灾减灾及流域环境演化提供理论依据。     

非匹配负载对宽带脉冲产生器谐振特性的影响

 宽带脉冲产生器的谐振特性决定了产生电磁脉冲的频谱,分析了带耦合器的同轴1/4波长谐振器在负载为非完全匹配天线时,天线反射对谐振特性的影响。通过建立级联二端口微波网络分析模型,将非匹配负载的反射系数计入等效耦合器反射系数中,得到了输出脉冲及辐射场频谱与负载反射系数的关系式。数值模拟了包括谐振器、耦合器和天线在内的整个宽带脉冲辐射系统,得到的辐射场频谱与理论预期相符。由于负载反射的影响,在中心频率两侧产生了两个副峰,在高功率实验中也观察到了该现象。     

一种利用地物散射特性进行后续类别调整的极化SAR影像分类方法

针对常规极化SAR影像监督分类在分类时由于极化信息利用不完全,导致分类结果不可信的缺陷,在分析地物极化散射特性的基础上,提出一种结合复Wishart分类器思想的极化SAR监督分类方法,在监督分类的基础上,利用几乎包含所有极化信息的相干矩阵进行后续分类,利用地物所有极化散射信息完成类别的划分。首先,利用Cloude&Pottier极化特征组合对影像进行监督分类,获得初始类别划分结果;为纠正监督分类时仅利用特征矢量的空间分布特性进行类别划分导致的错误,对监督分类结果精度评价及研究区地物散射相似性分析,综合确定初始分类结果中分类效果较差、待后续调整类别的像素集;然后以各类别的相干矩阵均值为初始聚类中心,利用核模糊C均值算法,结合相干矩阵的复Wishart分布特性,对待修正的像素集进行后续类别迭代调整,获得精细分类结果。采用国产X-SAR获取的海南陵水地区的全极化SAR影像进行分类试验,结果表明：提出的对极化SAR影像监督分类后利用地物散射特性相似性对错分像素重新进行聚类调整类别的方法,与仅进行监督分类相比,分类结果总体精度更高,也更满足地物的散射特性。     

莱克多巴胺分子印迹聚合物的制备及其性能分析

采用热聚合法制备了莱克多巴胺(ractopamine,RCT)的分子印迹聚合物(molecular imprinted polymers,MIPs)。用紫外分光光度法测定MIPs对RCT的吸附性能,结果发现：RCT在272 nm波长处有最大吸光度,测定RCT的回归方程为y=7.354 1x+0.001 0,R2=0.999 9;合成的MIPs对RCT平均吸附率为83.4%。吸附动力学研究表明,MIPs对RCT的吸附时间应控制在10 min以内。红外光谱分析表明RCT与功能单体甲基丙烯酸通过氢键形成MIPs,该聚合物能够通过氢键专一地识别和结合RCT分子,从而为建立基于分子印迹技术检测RCT的方法奠定了基础。     

Sign or root of unity ambiguities of certain Gauss sums

Gauss sums play an important role in number theory and arithmetic geometry. The main objects of study in this paper are Gauss sums over the finite field with q elements. Recently, the problem of explicit evaluation of Gauss sums in the small index case has been studied in several papers. In the process of the evaluation, it is realized that a sign (or a root of unity) ambiguity unavoidably occurs. These papers determined the ambiguities by the congruences modulo L, where L is certain divisor of the order of Gauss sum. However, such method is unavailable in some situations. This paper presents a new method to determine the sign (root of unity) ambiguities of Gauss sums in the index 2 case and index 4 case, which is not only suitable for all the situations with q being odd, but also comparatively more efficient and uniform than the previous method.