Suppressing Strong Exciton–Phonon Coupling in Blue Perovskite Nanoplatelet Solids by Binary Systems

Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are promising candidates for light generation owing to their high radiative rates. However, strong exciton–phonon interactions caused by mechanical softening of the surface act as a bottleneck in improving their suitability for a wide range of lighting and display applications. Moreover, it is not easily available to tune the phonon interactions in bulk films. Here, we adopt bottom-up fabricated blue emissive perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) as model systems to elucidate and as well as tune the phonon interactions via engineering of binary NPL solids. By optimizing component domains, the phonon coupling strength can be reduced by a factor of 2 driven by the delocalization of 2D excitons in out-of-plane orientations. It shows the picosecond energy transfer originated from the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiently competes with the exciton–phonon interactions in the binary system.     

基于不确定理论的铁路货运需求预测

合理预测铁路货运需求是铁路管理部门建设、运营等决策基础。为应对铁路货运需求的复杂变化,基于Pearson相关性分析方法筛选出铁路货运需求的七个具有关键影响的因素,并结合不确定理论建立不确定多元线性回归模型,相应的铁路货运预测结果由传统单一值变成可能的需求区间范围,更加符合处于不确定环境下的铁路货运需求实际情况。选取国家统计局2004~2016年相关数据进实证研究,并与回归模型以及BP模型的预测结果对比分析,实验表明不确定多元线性回归的预测结果更加精确。     

A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Muon Count in UHECR Extensive Air-Showers

The main goal of this work is to adapt a Physics problem to the Machine Learning (ML) domain and to compare several techniques to solve it. The problem consists of how to perform muon count from the signal registered by particle detectors which record a mix of electromagnetic and muonic signals. Finding a good solution could be a building block on future experiments. After proposing an approach to solve the problem, the experiments show a performance comparison of some popular ML models using two different hadronic models for the test data. The results show that the problem is suitable to be solved using ML as well as how critical the feature selection stage is regarding precision and model complexity.     

A volatolomic approach using cerumen as biofluid to diagnose bovine intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium

An innovative volatolomic approach employs the detection of biomarkers present in cerumen (earwax) to identify cattle intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae (popularly known as barbatimão). S. rotundifolium is a poisonous plant with the toxic compound undefined and widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. Cerumen samples from cattle of two local Brazilian breeds (‘Curraleiro Pé-Duro’ and ‘Pantaneiro’) were collected during an experimental intoxication protocol and analyzed using headspace (HS)/GC–MS followed by multivariate analysis (genetic algorithm for a partial least squares, cluster analysis, and classification and regression trees). A total of 106 volatile organic metabolites were identified in the cerumen samples of bovines. The intoxication by S. rotundifolium influenced the cerumen volatolomic profile of the bovines throughout the intoxication protocol. In this way, it was possible to detect biomarkers for cattle intoxication. Among the biomarkers, 2-octyldecanol and 9-tetradecen-1-ol were able to discriminate all samples between intoxicated and nonintoxicated bovines. The cattle intoxication diagnosis by S. rotundifolium was accomplished by applying the cerumen analysis using HS/GC–MS, in an easy, accurate, and noninvasive way. Thus, the proposed bioanalytical chromatography protocol is a useful tool in veterinary applications to determine this kind of intoxication.     

PN结物理特性的开放式测量实验方法研究

开放式、综合性量测实验的设计与应用,在巩固基础理论知识的同时,能够有效培养学生的动手实践能力、数据处理及分析能力,一定程度代表着大学物理实验课程的教学模式改革方向。以PN结物理特性的测量实验为例,基于通用型仪器与元器件的积木式组合,设计出简单、适用的实验电路;t=17.95℃时所采集的原始实验数据经三种模式回归分析,比较验证了PN结扩散电流与电压间遵循的玻尔兹曼分布律;计算出的玻尔兹曼常数与FD-PN-4测定仪的量测值相比,其结果说明了开放式测量实验方法的有效性。     

Incremental dynamic mode decomposition: A reduced-model learner operating at the low-data limit

The present work aims at proposing a new methodology for learning reduced models from a small amount of data. It is based on the fact that discrete models, or their transfer function counterparts, have a low rank and then they can be expressed very efficiently using few terms of a tensor decomposition. An efficient procedure is proposed as well as a way for extending it to nonlinear settings while keeping limited the impact of data noise. The proposed methodology is then validated by considering a nonlinear elastic problem and constructing the model relating tractions and displacements at the observation points.     

高光谱成像的土壤剖面水分含量反演及制图

传统土壤水分的获取方法仅可获得离散的土壤水分点位数据，难以获得剖面上精细且连续的水分含量分布图。研究了野外条件下利用近红外高光谱（882～1 709 nm）成像反演剖面土壤水分含量（SMC），并实现精细制图的可行性。研究剖面位于江苏省东台市，我们利用近红外高光谱成像仪对剖面进行了5天原位连续观测，共采集了280个土样用于烘干法测定SMC。原始高光谱图像经数字量化值（DN）校正、黑白校正、拼接、几何校正、剪切和掩膜等一系列预处理后，提取各采样点的平均光谱反射率。提取光谱（Raw）经吸光度[LOG₁₀(1/R)]，Savitzky-Golay平滑（SG）、一阶微分（FD）、二阶微分（SD）、多元散射校正（MSC）和标准正态变量（SNV）转换后，采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）和最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）方法建立SMC预测模型，并对比分析不同光谱预处理方法与建模方法组合条件下SMC的预测精度。结果表明，光谱反射率随SMC增加逐渐降低，不同光谱预处理方法的预测精度有所差异，除MSC方法外，同一光谱预处理方法的LS-SVM模型预测精度均高于PLSR模型，并且基于LOG₁₀(1/R)光谱的LS-SVM模型对SMC预测精度最高，其建模集的决定系数（R2_c）和均方根误差（RMSE_c）分别为0.96和0.65%，预测集的决定系数（R2_p）、均方根误差（RMSE_p）和相对分析误差（RPD_p）分别为0.88，1.05%和2.88。利用最优模型进行剖面SMC的高空间分辨率精细制图，通过比较SMC反演图中提取的预测值与实测值关系发现预测精度较高（R2: 0.85～0.95, RMSE: 0.94%～1.02%），且两者在剖面中的变化趋势基本一致，说明SMC反演图不仅能很好地反映出土壤水分在整个剖面中毫米级的含量分布信息，也可反映出同一位置处不同天数间的含量差异。因此，利用近红外高光谱成像结合优化的预测模型，能够实现土壤剖面SMC的定量预测及精细制图，有助于快速、有效监测田间剖面土壤水分状况。     

Ultrasound-aided rapid and enhanced adsorption of anionic dyes from binary dye matrix onto novel hematite/polyaniline nanocomposite: Response surface methodology optimization

In recent times, polyaniline (PANI), a conducting polymer, has been studied widely for environmental remediation application due to its controllable electric conductivity with high surface area, which makes it a suitable adsorbent material. But lower mechanical stability of PANI is considered to be a serious drawback for its large-scale industrial application. To improve the mechanical strength of PANI, in this study, hematite nanoparticles were impregnated onto PANI by oxidative polymerization method in order to fabricate a novel organometallic nanocomposite (hematite-PANI-NC). The hematite-PANI-NC was used as adsorbent for removal of methyl orange (MO) and eosin yellow (EY) dye from binary dye matrix under ultrasonic-assisted adsorption. Excellent MO and EY dye removal (more than 98%) was observed from binary matrix at a wide solution pH from 2.0 to 6.0, and under ultrasound wave the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 15 min only. Both MO and EY dyes adsorption experimental data strictly followed Langmuir isotherm, and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 126.58 mg/g and 112.36 mg/g was observed for MO and EY dye, respectively. The uptake mechanism of MO and EY dyes onto hematite-PANI-NC is governed by electrostatic interaction, π-π bonding and hydrogen bonding between dye molecules and nanocomposite. Response surface methodology analysis reveals maximum MO and EY removal of 98.43% and 99.35% at optimum experimental conditions. This study implies that the hybrid organometallic material hematite-PANI-NC has high potential for quick and enhanced sono-assisted uptake of anionic dyes from water near neutral solution pH.     

Efficient catalytic degradation of single and binary azo dyes by a novel triple nanocomposite of Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2

The strategy of structurally integrating noble metal and metal oxides is expected to offer exceptional opportunities toward emerging functions of all. We report the creation of an efficient hetero-structured nanocatalyst consisting of Mn₃O₄ core, SiO₂ shell impregnated with noble Ag nanoparticles. The triple nanocatalyst Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ was synthesized by using a facile three-step approach to disperse Ag nanoparticles between the surfaces of functionalized Mn₃O₄ and SiO₂. The physicochemical structural characterization was performed by XRD and FTIR. The surface morphologies were observed by SEM and TEM. The EDX measurements confirmed the composition of the composite. The nanocomposite has been used as a catalyst for the degradation of Direct blue 78 in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). It has a drastic catalytic effect as compared to Mn₃O₄/Ag and Mn₃O₄. The rate constant of Direct blue 78 reduction followed the order: Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ (0.25166 min⁻¹) > Mn₃O₄/Ag (0.07971 min⁻¹) > Mn₃O₄ (0.00947 min⁻¹). The effects of different reaction conditions of the catalytic reaction have been determined. The catalytic activity of the as- synthesized nanocomposite was examined for the binary dyes system by incorporation of an additional dye (Sunset yellow). Its influence on the degradation rate and efficiency of Direct blue 78 was investigated. The nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity towards the complete degradation of both the Direct blue 78 and Sunset yellow. The degradation percentage for these dyes reached 99.33 and 94.68%, respectively. The recovery and reusability of the Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ nanocomposite was studied in the reduction reaction of Direct blue 78. Five consecutive recovery reaction cycles were performed. They revealed high stability and constant efficiency of the catalyst for four cycles.