单发太赫兹时域光谱技术

太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)广泛应用于材料、生物医学、化学、药学、安检等诸多领域。传统扫描式THz-TDS技术需要通过改变探测光延时逐点扫描并重构时域信号，仅适合于具有较高重复频率且稳定的太赫兹辐射源情形下的样品探测。在低重复频率或涨落较大的太赫兹辐射源情形下和不可逆过程中样品的探测，扫描式THz-TDS不再适用，需要使用单发THz-TDS技术，单发THz-TDS技术原则上仅需要一个激光脉冲就可以获取一个完整的太赫兹时域脉冲波形。介绍几种主要的单发THz-TDS探测技术，这些技术都利用了电光晶体的泡克尔斯效应，通过测量探测光的某个物理量的变化来提取太赫兹信号。根据探测方法不同可分为光谱编码、空间编码和互相关等技术。在光谱编码技术中，探测光不同频率成分在时间上发生分离，不同时间成分分别被太赫兹脉冲不同时刻电场调制，通过测量探测光各个频率被太赫兹脉冲调制前后的光谱的变化提取太赫兹脉冲波形。该方法光路简单，测量结果直观，有较高的信噪比，但其时间分辨率较低，且被测太赫兹信号容易产生失真。为提高被测信号的时间分辨率，有人提出了空间编码技术，即不同位置探测光分别被太赫兹脉冲不同时刻电场调制，通过测量探测光各个位置太赫兹脉冲调制前后的光强变化提取太赫兹脉冲波形。根据不同空间展开方法可分为一维空间编码技术和二维空间编码技术。空间编码技术中虽然有较高的时间分辨率，但由于探测光在空间展开能量分散使得其信噪比相对较低。此外，还有一种较高时间分辨率的技术即互相关技术，可分为共线互相关和非共线互相关技术。在非共线互相关技术中，被太赫兹脉冲调制的激光啁啾脉冲与短脉冲互相关作用产生二次谐波，通过太赫兹脉冲调制前后二次谐波空间分布变化来提取太赫兹信号；在共线互相关技术中被太赫兹脉冲调制的啁啾脉冲与短脉冲共线入射到光谱仪，通过干涉条纹提取太赫兹信号，该技术提高了时间分辨率和信噪比，但光路布置复杂，不能进行实时监测。回顾了这几种单发THz-TDS探测技术的发展历程，综述探测技术的原理、实验方案和测量结果，并讨论了这些探测技术的优势和不足。     

Non-singular Green’s functions for the unbounded Poisson equation in one,two and three dimensions

In this paper, we derive the non-singular Green’s functions for the unbounded Poisson equation in one, two and three dimensions using a spectral cut-off function approach to impose a minimum length scale in the homogeneous solution. The resulting non-singular Green’s functions are relevant to applications which are restricted to a minimum resolved length scale (e.g. a mesh size $h$) and thus cannot handle the singular Green’s function of the continuous Poisson equation. We furthermore derive the gradient vector of the non-singular Green’s function, as this is useful in applications where the Poisson equation represents potential functions of a vector field.     

Free boundary problem for a fully nonlinear and degenerate parabolic equation in an angular domain

This paper concerns with the problem of how to running an insurance company to maximize his total discounted expected dividends. In our model, the dividend rate is limited in $[0,M]$ and the company is allowed to transfer any proportion of risk by reinsuring. So there are two strategies which we call dividend strategy and reinsurance strategy. The objective function and the corresponding optimal two strategies are the solution and the two free boundaries of the following Barenblatt parabolic equation

$v_t?\underset{0\le a\le 1}{\max }?(\frac{1}{2}{a}^2{\sigma }^2{v}_{xx}+a\mu v_x)+cv?\underset{0\le l\le M}{\max }?[(1?v_x)l]=0$

under certain boundary conditions on an angular domain

$Q_T=\{(x,t)|0<x<Mt,0<t\le T\}.$

The main effort is to analyze the properties of the solution and the free boundaries to show the optimal decision for the insurance company.     

磷酸化调控泛素单体与Rad23A/Ubiquilin-1中泛素结合域互作的检测

泛素（ubiquitin，Ub）是一种广泛存在、高度保守的信号蛋白质，它能够特异性识别成千上万种靶蛋白，以非共价方式行使不同的功能，其中包含蛋白质降解．Ubiquilin-1（Ubql-1）和Rad23A作为两种蛋白降解的转运因子，都包含有与泛素结合的结构域，被称为泛素结合域（ubiquitin-associated domain，UBA）．2014年，泛素S65位磷酸化修饰的特异性激酶PINK1被发现，磷酸化使泛素在溶液中呈现舒展态与收缩态两种互相转换的构象．本文通过核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR）技术对UBA和磷酸化泛素之间的相互作用进行检测，观测磷酸化对UBA和泛素结合的影响．实验结果表明Rad23A-UBA2与Ubql-1 UBA都特异性的与磷酸化泛素的舒展态相互作用，但是磷酸化未改变泛素与UBA之间的亲和力．值得注意的是与Ubql-1 UBA相互作用时，磷酸化促进了泛素收缩态向舒展态的转换．     

基于有限体积虚拟区域方法的两相流动直接模拟

为提高计算效率，提出有限体积法离散下的虚拟区域颗粒两相流动直接模拟方法.在控制方程中加入相应的虚拟区域源项，保证了颗粒内部的刚体运动特性.该源项中含有颗粒信息部分及流体信息部分.在每次迭代后，对源项中的流体信息部分进行更新，从而更好地保证颗粒内速度的刚体分布.计算静止颗粒圆柱绕流及单个颗粒的沉降过程，验证了算法的准确性.     

Existence of ground state solutions for Kirchhoff‐type problems involving critical Sobolev exponents

In this paper, we study the existence of ground state solutions for a Kirchhoff‐type problem in involving critical Sobolev exponent. With the help of Nehari manifold and the concentration‐compactness principle, we prove that problem admits at least one ground state solution.     

Asymptotic behavior of the solution of singularly perturbed transmission problems in a periodic domain

This paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of singularly perturbed transmission problems in a periodically perforated domain. The domain is obtained by making in a periodic set of holes, each of them of size proportional to a positive parameter ε. We first consider an ideal transmission problem and investigate the behavior of the solution as ε tends to 0. In particular, we deduce a representation formula in terms of real analytic maps of ε and of some additional parameters. Then we apply such result to a nonideal nonlinear transmission problem.     

Energy decay rates for solutions of the wave equations with nonlinear damping in exterior domain

In this paper we study the behaviors of the energy of solutions of the wave equations with localized nonlinear damping in exterior domains.