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排序方式: 共有2925条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-mode S-type ultrasound treatment on the protein extraction level of walnut dregs. The structural properties of the walnut protein (WP) were characterized, and the correlation between protein structure and extraction level was analyzed. The in situ real-time monitoring model for the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established by a miniature fiber near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Results showed that the protein yield, purity, and comprehensive extraction index (CEI) of extracted WP were 71.07 %, 72.69 %, and 71.72, respectively, under optimal conditions (dual-frequency 20/28 kHz, ultrasonic treatment duration 30 min, and ultrasound power density 120 W/L). The secondary structure of extracted WP displayed that the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet reduced, while the contents of β-turn and random coil increased after ultrasonic treatment. Besides, sonication decreased the disulfide bond content and increased free sulfhydryl (-SH) and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control. The microstructures of WP confirmed that appropriate sonication could unfold the protein aggregates and reduce the particle size. The extraction level of WP is positively correlated with the -SH content (p < 0.01). The quantitative prediction model of Si-PLS for -SH content in the ultrasound-assisted WP extraction process was established and performed a good correction and prediction performance (Rc = 0.9736; RMSECV = 0.446 μmol/L; Rp = 0.9342; RMSEP = 0.807 μmol/L). This study exploited a high-efficiency way for the WP extraction industry, and provided theoretical support for the development of the intelligent system in industrial protein extraction process.  相似文献   
2.
Carotenoids are an essential component of cashew and can be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, natural pigment, food additives, among other applications. The present work focuses on optimizing and comparing conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. Every optimization step took place with a 1:1 (w:w) mixture of yellow and red cashew apples lyophilized and ground in a cryogenic mill. A Simplex-centroid design was applied for both methods, and the solvents acetone, methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether were evaluated. After choosing the extractor solvent, a central composite design was applied to optimize the sample mass (59–201 mg) and extraction time (6–34 min). The optimum conditions for the extractor solvent were 38% acetone, 30% ethanol, and 32% petroleum ether for CE and a mixture of 44% acetone and 56% methanol for UAE. The best experimental conditions for UAE were a sonication time of 19 min and a sample mass of 153 mg, while the CE was 23 min and 136 mg. Comparing red and yellow cashews, red cashews showed a higher carotenoid content in both methodologies. The UAE methodology was ca. 21% faster, presented a more straightforward composition of extracting solution, showed an average yield of superior carotenoid content in all samples compared to CE. Therefore, UAE has demonstrated a simple, efficient, fast, low-cost adjustment methodology and a reliable alternative for other applications involving these bioactive compounds in the studied or similar matrix.  相似文献   
3.
In this paper we present and study a new algorithm for the Maximum Satisfiability (Max Sat) problem. The algorithm is based on the Method of Conditional Expectations (MOCE, also known as Johnson’s Algorithm) and applies a greedy variable ordering to MOCE. Thus, we name it Greedy Order MOCE (GO-MOCE). We also suggest a combination of GO-MOCE with CCLS, a state-of-the-art solver. We refer to this combined solver as GO-MOCE-CCLS.We conduct a comprehensive comparative evaluation of GO-MOCE versus MOCE on random instances and on public competition benchmark instances. We show that GO-MOCE reduces the number of unsatisfied clauses by tens of percents, while keeping the runtime almost the same. The worst case time complexity of GO-MOCE is linear. We also show that GO-MOCE-CCLS improves on CCLS consistently by up to about 80%.We study the asymptotic performance of GO-MOCE. To this end, we introduce three measures for evaluating the asymptotic performance of algorithms for Max Sat. We point out to further possible improvements of GO-MOCE, based on an empirical study of the main quantities managed by GO-MOCE during its execution.  相似文献   
4.
Pesticides are substances or mixtures used to prevent, control, and reduce harmful organisms, are divided into various groups as carbamates, organophosphates, organochlorines, pyrethroids, fungicides, herbicides, and rodenticides. Uncontrolled and long-term use of pesticides has become an important issue that causes environmental pollution and health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective sensors to determine pesticides in various samples. Electrochemical techniques stand out with high sensitivity, easy application, low cost, and user-friendliness, among other analysis techniques such as spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Furthermore, carbon nanomaterials are advantageous materials for the sensor design as modification agents due to their unique electrical, physical, electrocatalytic, and chemical features. In this review, the most significant studies on the electroanalysis of pesticides (e.g., carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, malathion, methyl parathion, paraoxon) using carbon-based nanosensors in the last five years are overviewed. In addition, electrochemical methods and the carbon nanomaterials used in these studies are also evaluated.  相似文献   
5.
朱运霞  昂胜  杨锋 《运筹与管理》2021,30(4):184-189
在数据包络分析(DEA)中,公共权重模型是决策单元效率评价与排序的常用方法之一。与传统DEA模型相比,公共权重模型用一组公共的投入产出权重评价所有决策单元,评价结果往往更具有区分度且更为客观。本文考虑决策单元对排序位置的满意程度,提出了基于最大化最小满意度和最大化平均满意度两类新的公共权重模型。首先,基于随机多准则可接受度分析(SMAA)方法,计算出每个决策单元处于各个排名位置的可接受度;然后,通过逆权重空间分析,分别求得使最小满意度和平均满意度最大化的一组公共权重;最后,利用所求的公共权重,计算各决策单元的效率值及相应的排序。算例分析验证了本文提出的基于SMAA的公共权重模型用于决策单元效率评价与排序的可行性。  相似文献   
6.
针对 HL-2M 装置初始等离子体放电阶段所需的直流辉光放电清洗系统的电极进行了设计。对辉光 放电清洗系统在不同工况下的系统负载进行了分析和拟定,并确定了电极结构设计分析标准。根据系统电极的结 构特点并结合系统负载规范与分析标准,依据不同的失效模式对电极进行了失效分析。分析结果表明,此针对初 始等离子体放电的电极设计能可靠安全运行,满足设计需求。  相似文献   
7.
气溶胶垂直廓线是评估污染物来源、输送等途径的必要手段。气溶胶污染对环境和人体健康带来直接的影响。该研究于2019年4-5月,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所(39.98°N,116.39°E)的地基多轴差分光学吸收光谱(MAX-DOAS)仪,对北京地区春季大气光谱垂直廓线进行了观测。凭借MAX-DOAS实时、在线、连续的观测优势,能有效的对气溶胶进行监测。MAX-DOAS基于最优估算法(OEM)以及最小二乘光谱拟合法,并以辐射传输模型SCIATRAN作为前向模型,利用海德堡廓线(HEIPRO)算法反演得到气溶胶消光系数的垂直廓线,通过对气溶胶消光系数在其路径的积分获得气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)。利用地基太阳光度计观测的AOD和高塔观测的颗粒物质量浓度垂直廓线,分别与MAX-DOAS观测的AOD和气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线进行对比,验证MAX-DOAS算法的适用性。研究结果表明,MAX-DOAS与太阳光度计观测AOD结果,相关系数为0.92,斜率为0.89。三层气溶胶消光系数与PM2.5质量浓度的皮尔森相关系数从低处到高处分别达到0.69(60 m),0.77(160 m)和0.75(280 m)。并且,将气溶胶平均消光系数和对应三层(60,160和280 m)的PM2.5平均质量浓度对比,发现两者趋势一致。同样的,为了验证MAX-DOAS是否具备准确识别污染物的长距离输送的能力,我们通过Angstrom指数确定沙尘天气,通过计算梯度理查森数和边界层高度确定静稳天气,分析了在特殊天气条件下,MAX-DOAS能够对沙尘和静稳天气做出及时、准确的响应。分析气溶胶平均消光系数,发现气溶胶垂直廓线随高度升高呈现指数衰减变化的趋势,并且气溶胶消光系数均值在1.5 km高度处约为近地面的50%左右,而在1.5 km以上消光系数会随着高度的增加而快速减小。当高度达到2 km左右时,气溶胶消光系数均值下降到了0.1 km-1。以上结果表明MAX-DOAS探测大气气溶胶垂直廓线具有较高的适用性。  相似文献   
8.
9.
Recent discoveries about functional mechanisms of proteins in the TMEM16 family of phospholipid scramblases have illuminated the dual role of the membrane as both the substrate and a mechanistically responsive environment in the wide range of physiological processes and genetic disorders in which they are implicated. This is highlighted in the review of recent findings from our collaborative investigations of molecular mechanisms of TMEM16 scramblases that emerged from iterative functional, structural, and computational experimentation. In the context of this review, we present new MD simulations and trajectory analyses motivated by the fact that new structural information about the TMEM16 scramblases is emerging from cryo-EM determinations in lipid nanodiscs. Because the functional environment of these proteins in in vivo and in in vitro is closer to flat membranes, we studied comparatively the responses of the membrane to the TMEM16 proteins in flat membranes and nanodiscs. We find that bilayer shapes in the nanodiscs are very different from those observed in the flat membrane systems, but the function-related slanting of the membrane observed at the nhTMEM16 boundary with the protein is similar in the nanodiscs and in the flat bilayers. This changes, however, in the bilayer composed of longer-tail lipids, which is thicker near the phospholipid translocation pathway, which may reflect an enhanced tendency of the long tails to penetrate the pathway and create, as shown previously, a nonconductive environment. These findings support the correspondence between the mechanistic involvement of the lipid environment in the flat membranes, and the nanodiscs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   
10.
Traditional anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) involves electrodeposition (reduction) of metal ions from solution over some time scale onto a working electrode followed by stripping (oxidation) of the deposited metal in a second step, where the stripping potential and quantity of charge passed provide information about the metal identity and solution concentration, respectively. ASV has recently been extended to the analysis of metal nanoparticles (NPs), which have grown popular because of their fascinating properties tunable by size, shape, and composition. There is a need for improved methods of NP analysis, and because metal NPs can be oxidized to metal ions, ASV is a logical choice. Early studies involved metal NPs as tags for the detection of biomolecules. More recently, anodic stripping has been used to directly analyze the physical, chemical, and structural properties of metal NPs. This review highlights the stripping analysis of NP assemblies on macroelectrodes, individual NPs in solution during collisions with a microelectrode, and a single NP attached to an electrode. A surprising amount of information can be learned from this very simple, low-cost technique.  相似文献   
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