全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6586篇 |
免费 | 520篇 |
国内免费 | 246篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1064篇 |
晶体学 | 43篇 |
力学 | 228篇 |
综合类 | 38篇 |
数学 | 3136篇 |
物理学 | 2843篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 45篇 |
2022年 | 62篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 157篇 |
2019年 | 155篇 |
2018年 | 131篇 |
2017年 | 111篇 |
2016年 | 126篇 |
2015年 | 138篇 |
2014年 | 261篇 |
2013年 | 568篇 |
2012年 | 250篇 |
2011年 | 324篇 |
2010年 | 248篇 |
2009年 | 361篇 |
2008年 | 437篇 |
2007年 | 475篇 |
2006年 | 358篇 |
2005年 | 261篇 |
2004年 | 216篇 |
2003年 | 249篇 |
2002年 | 267篇 |
2001年 | 221篇 |
2000年 | 237篇 |
1999年 | 208篇 |
1998年 | 200篇 |
1997年 | 94篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 80篇 |
1994年 | 92篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 67篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 68篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 42篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 24篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有7352条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Particuology》2022
This paper investigated the effect of Gaussian distribution width, average particle diameter, particle loading, and the tapered angle on minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) by conducting extensive experiments in tapered fluidized beds. Three powders with Gaussian size distribution and different distribution widths were used in the experiments. An increase in Umf with increasing the average particle diameter, particle loading, and the tapered angle was observed. There was also a nonmonotonic behavior of Umf as the Gaussian distribution width increased. An empirical correlation including dimensionless groups for predicting Umf in tapered beds was developed in which the effect of distribution width was considered. The proposed correlation predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum deviation of 16.5% and average and standard deviations of, respectively, 6.4% and 7.4%. The proposed correlation was also compared with three earlier models, and their accuracy was discussed. 相似文献
2.
Let $G$ be a stratified Lie group and let $\{X_1, \cdots, X_{n_1}\}$ be a basis of the first layer of the Lie algebra of $G$. The sub-Laplacian $\Delta_G$ is defined by $$\Delta_G= -\sum^{n_1}_{j=1} X^2_j. $$ The operator defined by $$\Delta_G-\sum^{n_1}_{j=1}\frac{X_jp}{p}X_j$$ is called the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator on $G$, where $p$ is a heat kernel at time 1 on $G$. In this paper, we investigate Gaussian BV functions and Gaussian BV capacities associated with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator on the stratified Lie group. 相似文献
3.
In the present study, following a one-pot two-step protocol, we have synthesized novel sulfonamides-isoxazolines hybrids (3a-r) via a highly regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The present methodology capitalized on trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as a safe and ecological oxidant and chlorinating agent for the in-situ conversion of aldehydes to nitrile oxides in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, under ultrasound activation. These nitrile oxides could be engaged in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various alkene to afford the targeted sulfonamides-isoxazolines hybrids (3a-r). The latter were assessed for their antineoplastic activity against model leukemia cell lines (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, K562 and Promyelocytic Leukemia, HL-60). 相似文献
4.
基于高斯回归分析的水稻氮素敏感波段筛选及含量估算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
WANG Jiao-jiao SONG Xiao-yu MEI Xin YANG Gui-jun LI Zhen-hai LI He-li MENG Yang 《光谱学与光谱分析》2021,41(6):1722-1729
水稻氮素含量的准确监测是稻田精准施肥的重要环节,水稻叶片氮素含量发生变化会引起叶片、冠层的光谱发射率发生变化,高光谱遥感是目前作物氮素无损监测的关键技术之一。以2018年-2019年湖北监利两年水稻氮肥试验为基础,分别获取水稻分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、扬花期、灌浆期五个生育期水稻叶片和冠层两个尺度的高光谱反射率数据及对应的叶片氮素含量数据,利用单波段原始光谱和一阶导数光谱的相关性分析、高斯过程回归(GPR)等方法筛选水稻全生育期叶片及冠层尺度氮素敏感波段。针对敏感波段,利用单波段回归分析、随机森林(RF)、支持向量回归(SVR)、高斯过程回归-随机森林(GPR-RF)、高斯过程回归-支持向量回归(GPR-SVR)和GPR构建水稻氮素监测模型,并进行精度对比,以确定水稻叶片在各生育期的氮素估算最佳模型。结果表明:GPR筛选的敏感波段符合水稻氮素含量及光谱变化的规律。相同条件下,叶片模型精度整体高于冠层模型。相关性分析模型中,叶片尺度原始光谱模型更好,冠层尺度刚好相反,冠层一阶导数光谱可以减弱稻田背景噪声的影响。其中,叶片最佳模型建模集R2为0.79,验证集R2为0.84;冠层最佳模型建模集R2为0.80,验证集R2为0.77。与相关性回归分析模型相比,机器学习模型受生育期影响小(R2>0.80,NRMSE<10%)。其中,RF比SVR更适合对GPR敏感波段建模,GPR-RF模型可以用1.5%左右的波段达到RF模型使用全部波段的精度。五种方法中,GPR模型对生育期敏感度最低、叶片及冠层尺度效果都很好(R2>0.94,NRMSE<6%)。且与其他四种机器学习方法相比,GPR模型可有效提高冠层氮素含量估算的精度和稳定性(R2增加0.02,NRMSE降低1.2%)。GPR方法可为筛选作物氮素高光谱敏感波段、反演各生育期叶片及冠层氮素含量提供方法参考。 相似文献
5.
6.
目前中小桥梁日常安全巡检存在对检查人员依赖性高、缺乏可量化的科学依据等不足。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种利用高斯曲率极值点对结构进行损伤识别的方法。将桥面视为受弯弹性薄板,根据弹性薄板的弯曲理论得到了在荷载作用下结构刚度变化与桥面弯曲程度(高斯曲率)的理论关系,并由此推导了高斯曲率对结构刚度损伤的敏感程度公式。通过有限元建立了一座简支T梁模型,并在主梁肋板上设置不同高度、不同位置和不同数量的裂缝来模拟结构刚度损伤。计算了在自重作用下,裂缝高度、位置、数量与桥面高斯曲率变化的关系。分析结果表明,桥面的高斯曲率分布清晰地映射了结构的刚度分布,高斯曲率极值点明确地指征了桥梁的损伤位置。借力三维激光扫描等全息现代测量技术,本文的研究成果为高效量化的桥梁结构损伤识别提供了有效的分析手段。 相似文献
7.
8.
碳基材料催化剂因具有良好的催化性能,同时可避免金属催化剂的重金属沥出造成的二次污染问题,常被应用于高级氧化领域。其中,以废弃生物质为原材料热解产生的生物炭,不仅具有催化潜力,还具有低成本和绿色环保等优势,被广泛用于活化过氧化氢、过一硫酸氢盐和过二硫酸盐等过氧化物降解水中有机污染物。本文介绍了生物炭的前体种类和制备方法、阐述了二者对生物炭活化能力的影响,总结了生物炭活化过氧化物的机理,分析了水质对降解污染物的影响,综述了生物炭的改性、循环使用及再生,指出了这一技术存在的问题并对后续研究进行了展望。 相似文献
9.
A new concept of an equi-attractor is introduced, and defined by the minimal compact set that attracts bounded sets uniformly in the past, for a non-autonomous dynamical system. It is shown that the compact equi-attraction implies the backward compactness of a pullback attractor. Also, an eventually equi-continuous and strongly bounded process has an equi-attractor if and only if it is strongly point dissipative and strongly asymptotically compact. Those results primely strengthen the known existence result of a backward bounded pullback attractor in the literature. Finally, the theoretical criteria are applied to prove the existence of both equi-attractor and backward compact attractor for a Ginzburg-Landau equation with some varying coefficients and a backward tempered external force. 相似文献
10.
《School science and mathematics》2018,118(1-2):4-16
In the transition to middle school, and during the middle school years, students' motivation for mathematics tends to decline from what it was during elementary school. Formative assessment strategies in mathematics can help support motivation by building confidence for challenging tasks. In this study, the authors developed and piloted a professional development program, Learning to Use Formative Assessment in Mathematics with the Assessment Work Sample Method (AWSM) to build middle school math teachers' understanding of the characteristics of high‐quality formative assessment processes and increases their ability to use them in their classrooms. AWSM proved to be feasible to implement in the middle school setting. It improved teachers' practice of formative assessment, especially in their feedback practices, regardless of their pedagogical content knowledge at entry. Results from focus groups suggested that teachers were better able to implement ungraded practice and student self‐ and peer‐assessment after AWSM, and that students were more willing to engage in complex problem solving. 相似文献