敬告读者——《光谱学与光谱分析》已全文上网

从2008年第7期开始在《光谱学与光谱分析》网站(www.gpxygpfx.com)“在线期刊”栏内发布《光谱学与光谱分析》期刊全文,读者可方便地免费下载摘要和PDF全文,欢迎浏览、检索本刊当期的全部内容;并陆续刊出自2004年以后出版的各期摘要和PDF全文内容。2009年起《光谱学与光谱分析》每期出版日期改为每月1日。     

钙钛矿结构RFeO3晶体的磁化跃迁效应研究进展

钙钛矿稀土正铁氧体RFeO₃具有丰富的磁性,这主要源于4f电子层的稀土离子和3d电子层的铁离子之间复杂的相互作用。磁化跃迁作为RFeO₃体系中的重要现象,是指体系中的稀土离子磁矩和铁离子磁矩在特定的磁场和温度下发生180°旋转,宏观表现为磁热曲线中磁化强度发生断崖式变化。本文综述了不同化合物RFeO₃的两种磁化跃迁现象,第一类磁化跃迁通常具有补偿点,F_R与F_Fe的排列耦合方向不变,第二类磁化跃迁则相反,且两类磁化跃迁出现的温区受外加磁场的调控。     

含硫氨基酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯表面的相互作用

半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸是人体的两种含硫氨基酸,在生物活性中发挥着巨大的作用.本研究采用密度泛函理论方法对以上两种氨基酸在本征及缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附机理进行了详细研究.主要考虑了两种吸附体系:半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸平躺在两种石墨烯表面;两种氨基酸垂直地放置于两种石墨烯表面,且含硫的基团靠近表面.研究结果表明,半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸初始构型对它们之间的相互作用有一定的影响.两种氨基酸平躺时有较大的吸附能.此外,吸附能的结果显示两种氨基酸可以更好的与缺陷石墨烯表面紧密结合.同时,蛋氨酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯相互作用均大于半胱氨酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯相互作用.模拟结果有望为含硫氨基酸的石墨烯传感器提供有用的指导.     

一道调研试题的多视角求解

一、试题呈现题目(南京、盐城2014届高三年级第二次模拟考试第17题)如图1,经过村庄A有两条夹角为60°的公路AB、AC,根据规划拟在两条公路之间的区域内建一工厂P,分别在两条公路边上建两个仓库M、N(异于村庄A),要求PM=PN=MN=2(单位:千米).如何设计,使得工厂产生的噪声对居民的影响最小(即工厂与村庄的距离最远).     

可发生多种故障的可修复系统稳定性分析

研究了可发生多种故障的可修复系统.运用C_0半群理论,通过服务率均值的观念,对系统主算子的谱界进行了估值,并得到该谱上界即为各服务率均值的最小者的相反数.然后运用了共尾的概念及相关的理论,得到了系统算子的谱界与系统算子产生的半群的增长界相等.最后由分析了系统算子的谱分布,得到了系统的指数稳定性.     

Mass and isotopic concentrations of water-insoluble refractory carbon in total suspended particulates at Mt.Waliguan Observatory(China)

Mass concentration and isotopic values δ¹³C and ¹⁴C are presented for the water-insoluble refractory carbon（WIRC） component of total suspended particulates（TSP）,collected weekly during 2003,as well as from October 2005 to May 2006 at the WMO-GAW Mt.Waliguan（WLG） site.The overall average WIRC mass concentration was（1183±120）ng/m³（n = 79）,while seasonal averages were 2081 ±1707（spring）,454±205（summer）,650±411（autumn）,and 1019±703（winter） ng/m3.Seasonal variations in WIRC mass concentrations were consistent with black carbon measurements from an aethalometer,although WIRC concentrations were typically higher,especially in winter and spring.The δ¹³C PDB value（-25.3 ± 0.8）%.determined for WIRC suggests that its sources are C₃ biomass or fossil fuel combustion.No seasonal change in δ¹³C PDB was evident.The average percent Modern Carbon（pMC） for ¹⁴C in WIRC for winter and spring was（67.2 ± 7.7）%（n = 29）.Lower pMC values were associated with air masses transported from the area east of WLG,while higher pMC values were associated with air masses from the Tibetan Plateau,southwest of WLG.Elevated pMC values with abnormally high mass concentrations of TSP and WIRC were measured during a dust storm event.     

气-质联用法定量测定卡格列净中正溴丁烷

试验制定了气相色谱质谱联用法测定卡格列净中可能存在的基因毒性杂质正溴丁烷。选用以6%氰丙基苯-94%二甲基硅氧烷为固定相的色谱柱(Agilent DB-624,0.25mm×30m, 1.4μm),使用选择离子检测模式进行检测。结果显示,正溴丁烷在10.1～1007.9ng·mL^-1的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,r=0.9996;检测限为2.99ng·mL^-1,定量限为9.95ng·mL^-1;平均回收率>95%;且对照品溶液、加样供试品溶液和供试品溶液在室温(25℃)放置29h内稳定性良好。对3批上市销售规模的样品进行检测,均未检出正溴丁烷。本试验建立并验证的分析方法具有较高的灵敏度,良好的分离度,能用于卡格列净中正溴丁烷杂质的痕量分析。     

V2O5/MO-Al2O3（M = Mg，Ca，Sr，Ba）催化剂用于正丁烷催化氧化脱氢反应

采用浸渍法制备了不同V2O5担载量的V2O5/MO-Al2O3(M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)催化剂,钒物种的前驱体为偏钒酸铵.对制备的催化剂进行了一系列表征,并对催化剂上正丁烷选择性氧化脱氢制取丁烯进行了反应研究.表征结果(包括比表面积、X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、氢气程序升温还原和拉曼光谱)显示,不同碱土金属元素掺杂的催化剂显示不同的钒价态信息和催化性能.其中掺杂Ca, Sr, Ba的催化剂,正钒酸盐相很难被还原,因此催化剂的氧化还原循环难以建立,导致以上三种催化剂在正丁烷氧化脱氢反应中活性较低.然而, Mg掺杂的催化剂却显示出较高的催化活性和选择性.实验结果表明：在Mg掺杂的载体上担载5% V2O5的催化剂上600°C时可获得高达30.3%的正丁烷转化率和64.3%的烯烃总选择性.这与V2O5担载量为5%时,在获得高度分散的钒氧化合物物种时可使MgO晶相稳定存在密切相关.     

Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

In this study, ent-Kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol(1) and ent-kaurane-2α,16β,17-triol(2), were isolated from the leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. NMR experiments identified the two compounds and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed their crystal structures. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P21 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 7.2789(3), c = 11.7862(4) , β = 95.275(3)°, V = 919.55(6) 3, Z = 2, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.49 g/mol, Dc = 1.230 g/m3, F(000) = 376, λ = 1.54178 , μ = 0.661 mm-1, R = 0.0319, and wR = 0.0811 for 10889 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). The crystal of 2 is classified as orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 12.72224(19), c = 21.3929(3) , V = 1748.94(4) 3, Z = 4, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.47, Dc = 1.225 Mg/m3 F(000) = 712, λ = 1.54184 , μ = 0.625 mm-1, R = 0.0303 and w R = 0.0759 for 10470 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). Meanwhile, the compound revealed low inhibitory activities toward Hep G2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901 cells.     

Stereoselective interactions of chiral dipeptides on amylose based chiral stationary phases

Dipeptides are stereo-specifically involved in several biological functions that are challenging to separate enantiomerically. Elution order of enantiomers is an important issue in chiral chromatography. Amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase(CSP) is the best and most-widely-used CSP in chiral separations, but experimental data of enantiomeric separation of dipeptides on this CSP is lacking. Simulation studies were conducted to determine the order of elution and the chiral recognition mechanism of didpetides on this CSP. Results indicated that the docking energy of SR-enantiomers were higher than SS-antipodes. The range of docking energies for SR-enantiomers was -7.44 to -5.92 kcal/mol with CSP, but -7.15 to -5.87 kcal/mol for SS-stereoisomers. Therefore it is predicted that SS-enantiomer will elute first, followed by SR-antipode. Furthermore, hydrogen bondings, van der Waal’s interactions and electrostatic interactions were observed among SR- and SSenantiomers and chiral grooves of CSP. The number of hydrogen bonds was one in each enantiomer binding except S-Ala-R-Tyr, which contained two hydrogen bonds. No hydrogen bond was found in S-Ala-R-Trp, S-Leu-S-Trp, and S-Leu-S-Tyr dipeptides bindings. The chiral recognition mechanisms dictate different strengths of stereoselective bindings of the enantiomers on CSP.