对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性

利用标量化方法建立对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性定理。作为标量化方法的应用，利用这一方法得到向量变分不等式和拟向量变分不等式有效解的存在性定理。     

不对称催化合成2-[[3-{[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-氧基}苯氧基](苯基)甲基]丙烯酸甲酯

以苯甲醛、丙烯酸甲酯、2,3-二氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶和间苯二酚为原料，分别合成了MBH乙酸酯（6）和取代苯酚（9）；在(DHQD)₂PHAL催化下，6和9经不对称反应立体选择性合成了2-【【3-{[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-2-基]-氧基}苯氧基】(苯基)甲基】丙烯酸甲酯，产率50%， ee 94%，其结构经¹H NMR， ¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。     

基于相场描述的拉压不对称强度结构拓扑优化

运用了基于相场描述的拓扑优化方法，来寻找在拉伸和压缩中表现出不对称强度行为的连续体结构的最优布局。依据Drucker-Prager屈服准则和幂率插值方案，优化问题可以描述为在局部应力约束下的最小化结构的体积。用qp放松法来解决应力约束的奇异性，并采用基于P-norm函数的聚合方法对应力约束进行凝聚，该方法实现了约束个数的降低，同时引入了稳定转化法来处理大量的局部应力约束和高度非线性的应力行为，以修正应力，提高优化收敛的稳定性。在优化问题求解时，使用拉格朗日乘子法对目标函数和应力约束进行处理。利用伴随变量法进行灵敏度分析，并通过求解Allen-Cahn方程更新相场函数设计变量。数值算例证明了该优化模型和相应数值技术的有效性，相关算例还揭示了考虑拉压不同强度和考虑同拉压强度约束时得到的结构优化拓扑构型具有显著的差异。     

含共圆循环对称裂纹的一维六方准晶平面应变第一基本问题

讨论了一维六方准晶在整个周期平面循环对称基本域中含一个共圆循环对称裂纹的全平面应变第一基本问题.利用复变函数方法,将弹性平衡的问题转化为唯一可解的Fredholm奇异积分方程.引入保角映射并结合裂纹共圆的特点得出了此问题的解析解.此问题的结果对工程断裂问题具有理论意义.     

三维无网格Galerkin结构分析方法及其应用研究

针对无网格Galerkin法在三维复杂几何形状的结构分析中存在的刚度矩阵的稀疏存储实现难、六面体背景网格适应性差等问题,本文采用逐节点对法组装刚度矩阵,利用CSR格式存储刚度矩阵,提出了一种基于四面体背景积分的改进的三维无网格Galerkin法。通过采用罚函数法施加对称约束和给定位移值约束,并推导出了施加这两种位移约束的统一格式。利用所提算法完成了三维悬臂梁的计算,所得结果与其理论解相吻合;完成了轴流式风机轮毂的结构分析,得到的位移与应力分布结果与其有限元解相吻合。这表明本文所提方法能满足工程应用中的计算要求,并适用于具有复杂形状的几何模型分析。     

以绕丹宁和噻唑烷-2,4-二酮为端基的不对称结构有机受体分子的设计合成与构性关系探讨

分别以绕丹宁和噻唑烷-2,4-二酮单元为端基、IDT为中心核设计合成了一个新型不对称结构的有机小分子受体IDT-2,并通过与两端均以绕丹宁或噻唑烷-2,4-二酮受体单元的对称小分子受体IDT-1和IDT-3进行对比,探讨了分子结构与性能之间的关系。研究发现,从IDT-1到IDT-3,随着两端的绕丹宁基团被噻唑烷-2,4-二酮基团逐步取代,这类小分子受体的吸收光谱显著蓝移,光学带隙E_g~(opt)逐步增大,LUMO和HOMO能级也逐渐抬升。随后我们分别以这三个小分子为受体、P3HT为给体共混构建活性层而制备了有机太阳能电池,结果表明,以两端均为绕丹宁单元的对称结构小分子受体IDT-1构建的电池器件具有最高的光电转换效率(PCE),相应的J_(sc)和FF值也最大,而V_(oc)则最低;而以两端均为噻唑烷-2,4-二酮基团的对称结构小分子受体IDT-3的电池器件,其V_(oc)最高,但其J_(sc)和FF则最低,PCE值也最小。对于IDT-2而言,由于分子只有一个绕丹宁单元被噻唑烷-2,4-二酮所取代,其V_(oc),J_(sc)和PCE均介于IDT-1与IDT-3之间。由此说明,尽管噻唑烷-2,4-二酮基团的引入能有效提升器件V_(oc),但却不利于改善其J_(sc)和FF,因此受体的分子设计中如何平衡电池器件的几种光伏性能参数而获得高的光电转换效率仍是十分重要的研究课题之一。     

巴基斯坦Mw≥5.8地震时空对称与旋转规律研究及趋势判断

灾害预测是世界难题，选取1966年以来巴基斯坦M_w≥5.8地震数据，基于可公度理论和对称性原理，采用蝴蝶结构图和灾害统计方法分析了巴基斯坦M_w≥5.8地震的时空对称性，对下一次发生地震的位置进行趋势判断，并结合可能触发地震的主要天文因素，从地震触发机理上验证了判断结果的可靠性。 结果表明：（1）巴基斯坦M_w≥5.8历史地震可公度性良好，2018、2019年发震信号较强；（2）巴基斯坦M_w≥5.8地震在空间上呈三边形对称结构，震中空间变化具有两点线空间迁移规律和空间旋转规律，且在70.9 °E～77.7 °E，31.5 °N～37 °N发生M_w≥5.8地震的可能性较大；（3）巴基斯坦M_w≥5.8地震多发生在太阳黑子数下降段，这也进一步佐证了2018、2019年该地区发生地震的可能性。 该研究对完善统计方法，验证统计案例有重大意义，对巴基斯坦防灾减灾有参考价值。     

高校教师激励与约束机制分析

最有效的管理方式是对人的激励,高校管理的核心是通过激励以最大限度地调动与发挥教师的积极性和创造性.运用博弈论方法和委托-代理理论探析信息不对称下高校教师的激励与约束机制,对教师校外兼职问题进行博弈分析,提出健全高校教师激励与约束机制的建议.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

通过不对称氢转移/动态动力学拆分合成碳环N^3-嘌呤核苷

N^3-嘌呤核苷由于可能同时被嘌呤和嘧啶代谢酶识别,因而有望作为双靶点药物应用于抗病毒治疗.报道了一种以α-(N^3-嘌呤)取代的环烷酮为原料,通过不对称氢转移反应实现动态动力学拆分,高收率高立体选择性地合成系列碳环N^3-嘌呤核苷化合物.该催化体系也适用于α-嘧啶取代的环烷酮底物,且产物通过进一步衍生,合成了2’-F-,Ac S-,N^3-修饰的碳环嘧啶核苷.