石英晶体板非线性高频振动的拓展伽辽金法分析

针对考虑几何和材料非线性的石英晶体板厚度剪切振动和弯曲振动的方程组,利用扩展伽辽金法对该方程组进行转化和求解,分别获得了强烈耦合的厚度剪切振动模态和弯曲振动模态的频率响应关系,绘制了不同振幅比和不同驱动电压影响下的频率响应曲线图。数值计算结果表明可以选取石英晶片的最佳长厚比尺寸来避免两种模态的强烈耦合。驱动电压的变化将引起石英晶体谐振器厚度剪切振动频率的明显改变,必须将振动频率的漂移值控制在常用压电声波器件的允许值之内。扩展伽辽金法对石英晶体板非线性振动方程组的求解为非线性有限元分析和偏场效应分析奠定了基础。     

Double Gaussian potential stochastic resonance method and its application in centrifugal fan blade crack detection

Stochastic resonance (SR) has been extensively utilized in the field of weak fault signal detection for its characteristic of enhancing weak signals by transferring the noise energy. Aiming at solving the output saturation problem of the classical bistable stochastic resonance (CBSR) system, a double Gaussian potential stochastic resonance (DGSR) system is proposed. Moreover, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the DGSR method is derived based on the adiabatic approximation theory to analyze the effect of system parameters on the DGSR method. At the same time, for the purpose of overcoming the drawback that the traditional SNR index needs to know the fault characteristic frequency (FCF), the weighted local signal-to-noise ratio (WLSNR) index is constructed. The DGSR with WLSNR can obtain optimal parameters adaptively, thereby establishing the DGSR system. Ultimately, a DGSR method is proposed and applied in centrifugal fan blade crack detection. Through simulations and experiments, the effectiveness and superiority of the DGSR method are verified.     

基于图像特征检测和匹配的无人船航行姿态角提取方法

计算机视觉的飞速发展, 使得采用视觉技术辅助无人船航行成为可能. 在无人船巡航过程中, 获取船体航向是航行控制的必备基础. 特征匹配是无人船相关视觉技术中的重要部分, 是目标识别和定位等功能的关键步骤. 获取无人船运动姿态的基本步骤是对图像前后帧进行有效的特征提取和匹配. 针对水域环境中的图像静态特征提取速度慢、精度低的问题, 本文提出一种图像匹配方法以求取无人船的航行姿态角. 首先对图像预处理, 并对有效区域进行特征提取. 其次, 设计一种基于描述子相似度的初始特征匹配策略. 再其次, 筛选特征匹配对, 优化模型参数. 最后, 通过前后帧旋转矩阵计算航行姿态角. 实验表明, 该方法能有效提取无人船的航行姿态角.     

电机驱动微装配在双光子制备微结构中的应用

对微结构的制作、微装配系统进行了研究. 采用飞秒激光双光子聚合微加工技术制作有底座、精细的三维立体“拱形”微结构, 其高250μm、长300μm、厚50μm. 将此微结构与实验室自主搭建的二维微装配平台相结合, 利用自主编程的人机交互界面驱动步进电机, 远程操控微装配设备; 将荧光闪烁陶瓷粉末装配到微结构中, 对装配后的微结构进行荧光光谱表征发现, 纯荧光粉末和微结构中的荧光粉末的发射光谱在测量误差范围内基本一致, 表明荧光粉末的光学性质未发生改变. 利用该装置可以将各类微纳米级材料和微结构进行装配, 形成含有不同材料的微结构系统.     

Boussinesq方程行波解的存在性

利用平面动力系统方法的分支理论，研究了Boussinesq方程，通过对Boussinesq方程进行行波变换，得到了相应行波系统的首次积分和平衡点，给出了不同参数条件下的相图，证实了Boussinesq方程存在孤立波解和周期波解。     

全球海洋潜水旅游目的地分布特征及其自然影响因素研究

以全球海洋潜水旅游目的地为研究对象, 借助地理信息系统(GIS), 运用基尼系数、层次分析法(AHP)等方法, 研究全球海洋潜水旅游目的地的分布特征及其自然影响因素. 结果显示: (1)全球海洋潜水旅游目的地的分布数量由低纬向高纬递减; 洲际分布呈现高度集中, 主要聚集区是东亚与东南亚、地中海-红海以及加勒比海沿岸, 太平洋、印度洋与大西洋为散点分布. (2)影响海洋潜水旅游目的地的自然因素主要为海洋地形、海水温度、陆地气温、洋流、潮汐、海水能见度、珊瑚礁等, 相关因素影响程度与广度因海域呈现地域综合导控, 使得海洋潜水旅游目的地主要聚集在热带海域等地.     

基于抛光基材的热蒸镀铜箔生长高平整单层石墨烯薄膜

在石墨烯的化学气相沉积工艺中,铜箔是决定石墨烯薄膜质量的重要因素。传统铜箔由于制备工艺的限制,存在大量的缺陷,导致石墨烯薄膜的成核密度较高。本工作选用抛光铝板、抛光不锈钢板、微晶玻璃和SiO₂/Si作为基材,用热蒸镀法制备了不同粗糙度的铜箔,并详细讨论了以该系列铜箔生长高平整度石墨烯薄膜的条件及铜箔对石墨烯薄膜品质的影响。实验结果表明,铜箔以(111)取向为主,与基材分离后,表面具有纳米级平整度。在生长石墨烯后,从SiO₂/Si剥离的铜箔成核密度是4种基材中最小的。同时,从SiO₂/Si剥离的铜箔晶体结构变化最不明显,具有良好的结晶性,表面几乎不存在铜晶界缺陷。当压强为3 000 Pa,氢气和甲烷流速分别为300 mL/min和0.5 mL/min时,可以获得约1 mm横向尺寸的石墨烯单晶晶畴。     

Double degeneration on second-order breather solutions of Maxwell–Bloch equation

The breather solutions of the Maxwell–Bloch equations in a two-level resonant system associated with the self-induced transparency phenomenon are constructed by the Darboux transformation. After constructing the formulas of the second-order breather solutions, the double degeneration and hybrid solutions are studied by the analytical form as well as figures. Our results might be helpful in such application or prevention of the rogue waves from breather solution interactions and degeneration in the nonlinear optical systems associated with the Maxwell–Bloch equations.     

REBOUNDING OF GALILEAN CANNON FROM A RIGID WALL1)

研究了Galilean炮——即若干个直径递增的弹性球组成的球链---撞击刚性壁回弹的问题。采用三种力学模型：分离刚体的多次"弹性"碰撞、多刚体的接触碰撞、以及有限元模拟，对球链撞击问题进行了分析，旨在给出碰撞结束后末端小球的飞离速度与入射速度的比值。研究表明：球链碰撞反弹后将会散开，末端小球的飞离速度明显大于球链入射速度；当入射球链间存在间隙时，末端小球的速度增幅更加明显。通过实验展现了这种末端小球回弹速度增加的现象。     

Wave turbulence and intermittency in directional wave fields

The evolution of surface gravity waves is driven by nonlinear interactions that trigger an energy cascade similarly to the one observed in hydrodynamic turbulence. This process, known as wave turbulence, has been found to display anomalous scaling with deviation from classical turbulent predictions due to the emergence of coherent and intermittent structures on the water surface. In the ocean, waves are spread over a wide range of directions, with a consequent attenuation of the nonlinear properties. A laboratory experiment in a large wave facility is presented to discuss the sensitivity of wave turbulence on the directional properties of model wave spectra. Results show that the occurrence of coherent and intermittent structures become less likely with the broadening of the wave directional spreading. There is no evidence, however, that intermittency completely vanishes.