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We investigate a diffusive, stage-structured epidemic model with the maturation delay and freelymoving delay. Choosing delays and diffusive rates as bifurcation parameters, the only possible way to destabilize the endemic equilibrium is through Hopf bifurcation. The normal forms of Hopf bifurcations on the center manifold are calculated, and explicit formulae determining the criticality of bifurcations are derived. There are two different kinds of stable oscillations near the first bifurcation: ...  相似文献   
3.
Recently, all-inorganic perovskite nanostructures have become a hot research topic due to their unique optical response and novel properties. Here, we theoretically study the optical response in Cs2PbX4 and CsPb2X5 (X = Cl, Br, and I) nanostructures. First, to study the ground state, we calculate the band structures of the periodic system using the HSE06 method, which shows that all those periodic perovskites possess the direct band gaps, with distribution from 2.225 to 3.536 eV. Their valence band maximum are mainly contributed from both halogen and lead atoms, while the conduction band minimum are mainly contributed from lead atoms. Then, we study the excited state using the time-dependent density functional theory method and find that, with the increase of halogen atom radius, the photogenerated carrier concentrations in perovskite nanostructures become larger, while the surface plasmon resonance becomes localized rather than long-range. Moreover, through the analysis of photocurrent and local field enhancement, Cs2PbX4 and CsPb2X5 nanostructures exhibit nearly 40 μA photocurrent along the direction of optical polarization. Besides, by regulating the different anions, we predict that field enhancement in Cs2PbI4 and CsPb2I5 share a much stronger distribution at both the center and border parts of Pb-I planes due to localized plasmon resonance, while other perovskites are distributed at the edge parts of Pb-I planes, caused by long-range plasmon resonance. Our research shows that all-inorganic perovskite nanostructures are great candidate materials for developing optoelectronic devices working in high-frequency and high-energy regions and improving their application in sensitive detection and sensors.  相似文献   
4.
The sweep frequency ultrasound (SFU) and single frequency countercurrent ultrasound (SFCU) pretreatments were modeled and compared based on production of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from garlic hydrolysates. Two mathematical models were developed to show the effect of each variable and their combinatorial interactions on ACE inhibitory activity. The optimum levels of the parameters in SFU were determined using uniform design, which revealed these as follows: total ultrasonic time 1.5 h, on-time of pulse 18 s and off-time of pulse 3 s. Under optimized conditions, the experimental values of SFU and SFCU were 65.88% and 67.78%, which agreed closely with the predicted values of 63.44% and 67.33%. The SFU and SFCU pretreatments both resulted in higher ACE inhibitory activity compared with untreated garlic (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the ACE inhibitory activities and IC50 values obtained from SFCU and SFU pretreatments under optimum conditions (p > 0.05).  相似文献   
5.
We study electron energies in a double concentric quantum ring with anisotropy in the rims heights in the presence of the external magnetic field applied along the symmetry axis. To this end, we consider a model in which the thickness grows linearly from the axis up to the inner rim with a slope different from one between the inner and the outer rims. The anisotropy in the rims heights originated by the presence in the structure of various valleys we simulate by periodic dependence of the slope on the radial direction. We show that the wave functions of the electron confined in such structure can be found analytically if the slopes in all radial directions are the same, and by using a simple exact diagonalization procedure otherwise. The behavior of the electron energies as functions of the magnetic field, rings radii and rims heights, as well as the number of the valleys and their depths is consistently described with our formalism. The entanglement of the states with different radial and orbital quantum numbers, the period and the amplitude of the Aharonov–Bohm oscillations are very sensible to any variations of the rims heights.  相似文献   
6.
Principal role of substrate types on the nonlinear optical properties of Au NP was investigated. Third harmonic generation (THG) studies were carried out for Au NP deposited on the Al-doped ZnO (AuNP/AZO) and Ga-doped ZnO (AuNP/GZO) substrates at fundamental wavelength of 20 ns Er:glass laser (generating at 1540 nm wavelength) during photostimulation by the 532 nm 15 ns laser pulses. Sizes of Au NP were 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, and 30 nm. The output signal was registered at 513 nm. The photoinduced power density was increased from 0 up to 800 MW/cm2. So in our work we explore the role of the substrate on the optically stimulated non-linear optical properties during simultaneous photo stimulation near the inter-band transition. The results were studied depending on the type of substrate and the sizes of the deposited nanoparticles. The analysis was done within a framework of interaction between the photoinduced light and SPR wavelengths. Control of the photoinduced temperature was done.  相似文献   
7.
水环境中Hg(Ⅱ)的污染对生态环境和人类健康危害极大,目前Hg(Ⅱ)的检测主要有原子光谱/质谱和电化学等方法,但存在检测仪器昂贵、操作繁琐及前处理复杂等缺点,难以在日常水环境中微量Hg(Ⅱ)现场检测的应用。因此,建立一种灵敏、准确、快捷和经济的水中Hg(Ⅱ)检测方法具有重要意义。试纸法是将普通的化学反应从玻璃仪器转移到试纸上进行的一种快速检测方法,利用试剂与目标物之间产生的化学反应,通过颜色的变化可对目标物进行定性或半定量检测,具有操作简便、快速等优点。碳量子点是一类粒径小于10 nm的碳基纳米材料,具有优异的荧光性能、较低的毒性和较高的化学稳定性。利用Hg(Ⅱ)对碳量子点的荧光具有灵敏和高效的猝灭作用,构建了一种双色比率荧光试纸片用于快速检测水中微量Hg(Ⅱ)的含量。其中,采用氮掺杂水溶性碳量子点(NCDs)作为荧光响应信号、罗丹明B(RhB)作为荧光内标信号,在单一波长(355 nm)激发下产生位于440和580 nm的双色荧光发射峰。当体系加入不同浓度Hg(Ⅱ)后,NCDs表面官能团与Hg(Ⅱ)之间的静电作用和金属配位协同作用使荧光发生猝灭,而RhB的荧光信号保持不变,利用440和580 nm双色荧光信号或其强度的比值(F440/F580),可实现对微量Hg(Ⅱ)的快速检测。实验对检测条件进行了优化,结果表明在HAc-NaAc缓冲液浓度为1 mmol·L-1、pH为7的条件下,F440/F580值与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度(0~3 μmol·L-1)呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为F440/F580=-0.785 2Hg(Ⅱ)+3.103 8,相关系数r>0.99,以3倍标准偏差计算的检出限为2.7 nmol·L-1(n=9)。对湖水与自来水中Hg(Ⅱ)进行加标回收实验,其加标回收率在91.9%~117.9%之间,说明该方法灵敏、准确,能用于水中Hg(Ⅱ)的检测。同时,将NCDs和RhB浸渍于尼龙片上构建了双色比率荧光检测试纸片,在紫外灯(365nm)照射下可观测到试纸发射淡蓝紫色荧光。而随着Hg(Ⅱ)浓度的增加,荧光颜色从淡蓝紫色到橙色发生变化,每次检测时间只需3分钟,裸眼可检出Hg(Ⅱ)浓度低至10 nmol·L-1,实现了对水中微量Hg(Ⅱ)的灵敏、快速检测。此外,该方法对Hg(Ⅱ)的检测表现出良好的特异性。因此,基于碳量子点和罗丹明B构建的双色比率荧光试纸片具有携带方便、操作简单,以及灵敏和快速等优点,为水中微量Hg(Ⅱ)的快速检测提供了新的方法和思路。  相似文献   
8.
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on platinum nanoflowers (PtNFs)/graphene oxide (GO)/glucose oxidase (GODx) was discovered for glucose detection. PtNFs/GO was synthesized using a nontoxic, rapid, one-pot and template-free method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM techniques. The as-prepared PtNFs/GO with clean surface and multiporous structure was used to assemble GODx to form a glucose biosensor. Based on ECL results, the PtNFs/GO/GODx film-modified electrode displayed a high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose, which generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to react with the luminol radicals thus enhanced the luminol ECL. Under the optimized conditions, two linear regions of ECL intensity to glucose concentration were valid in the range from 5 to 80 μmol/L (r?=?0.9957) and 80 to 1,000 μmol/L (r?=?0.9909) with a detection limit (S/N?=?3) of 2.8 μmol/L. In order to verify the reliability, the thus-fabricated biosensor was applied to determine the glucose concentration in glucose injection, glucose functional drink, and blood serum. The results indicated that the proposed biosensor presented good characteristics in terms of high sensitivity and good reproducibility for glucose determination, promising the applicability of this sensor in practical analysis.  相似文献   
9.
In Mader (2010), Mader conjectured that for every positive integer k and every finite tree T with order m, every k-connected, finite graph G with δ(G)?32k?+m?1 contains a subtree T isomorphic to T such that G?V(T) is k-connected. In the same paper, Mader proved that the conjecture is true when T is a path. Diwan and Tholiya (2009) verified the conjecture when k=1. In this paper, we will prove that Mader’s conjecture is true when T is a star or double-star and k=2.  相似文献   
10.
提出了α-三Ⅰ约束问题,并在逻辑系统L~*和Luk中给出了这些问题的形式解,建立了这两个逻辑系统中三Ⅰ约束算法的形式推理机制,为α-三Ⅰ约束算法建立了严格的理论基础。  相似文献   
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