SAPO-34提升铁钒基催化剂抗碱性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Fe-VO_x/SAPO-34和Fe-VO_x/TiO₂脱硝催化剂,探究SAPO-34分子筛与TiO₂两种载体负载铁钒基氧化物催化活性及抗碱性能的差异。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in-situ DRIFTs)等表征手段对催化剂的骨架结构、表面物化性质、氧化还原能力以及对反应气体的吸脱附情况进行分析。结果表明:SAPO-34分子筛内部特定的孔道结构和稳定的骨架,有利于活性组分在载体上均匀分散,降低碱金属对表面活性中心的物理覆盖作用;同时其表面丰富的酸位点能够作为碱金属捕获位,保护催化剂表面的活性中心,保证催化剂的吸附-反应过程能够正常进行,从而使Fe-VO_x/SAPO-34表现出良好的抗碱金属能力。     

雾化辅助化学气相沉积法氧化镓薄膜生长研究

采用自主设计搭建的雾化辅助化学气相沉积系统设备,开展了Ga₂O₃薄膜制备及其特性研究工作。通过X射线衍射研究了沉积温度、系统沉积压差对Ga₂O₃薄膜结晶质量的影响。结果表明,Ga₂O₃在425~650 ℃温度区间存在物相转换关系。随着沉积温度从425 ℃升高至650 ℃,薄膜结晶分别由非晶态、纯α-Ga₂O₃结晶状态向α-Ga₂O₃、β-Ga₂O₃两相混合结晶状态改变。通过原子力显微镜表征探究了生长温度对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌的影响,从475 ℃升高至650 ℃时,薄膜表面粗糙度由26.8 nm下降至24.8 nm。同时,高分辨X射线衍射仪测试表明475 ℃、5 Pa压差条件下的α-Ga₂O₃薄膜样品半峰全宽仅为190.8″,为高度结晶态的单晶α-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料。     

累积Logistic回归模型结构变点的序贯检验

分类时间序列在生物医学、社会学和遗传学等领域有着广泛的应用,累积Logistic回归模型是分类时间序列建模的一类重要模型.本文基于偏似然得分过程(Partial likelihood score process)提出一种变点序贯检验方法,监测累积Logistic回归模型的结构是否发生变化.原假设下推导检验统计量的极限分布,备择假设下证明其一致性.模拟试验和实例分析说明了方法的有效性.     

直接碳燃料电池燃料的研究进展

直接碳燃料电池(DCFC)是一种清洁高效利用碳资源发电的装置。其因能量转换率高,对环境污染小,燃料选择范围广等优点获得了越来越多的关注。DCFC的性能与使用的燃料密切相关,为了探究燃料对DCFC的影响,本文分别阐述了石墨、炭黑、中密度纤维板、生物质、煤、活性炭的特性及改性方法,分析讨论了燃料表面含氧官能团以及燃料中的金属催化剂对阳极电化学反应的促进作用,发现燃料表面化学性质要比比表面积更加重要。同时,本文也提出了对生物质这一优良的可再生资源的期待,为未来DCFC燃料的发展提供参考。     

Analysis on First-stage Ignition of n-Heptane at Low Temperatures with a Lumped Skeletal Mechanism

Two-stage ignition exists in the low-temperature combustion process of n-heptane and the first-stage ignition also shows a negative temperature coefficient(NTC) phenomenon. To study key reactions and understand chemical principles affecting the first-stage ignition of n-heptane, a lumped skeletal mechanism with 62 species is obtained based on the detailed NUIGMech1.0 mechanism using the directed relation graph method assisted by sensitivity analysis and isomer lumping. The lumped mechanism shows good performance on ignition delay time under wide conditions. The study revealed that the temperature after the first-stage ignition is higher and a larger amount of fuel is consumed at lower initial temperatures. The temperature at the first-stage ignition is relatively insensitive to the initial temperature. Further sensitivity analysis and reaction path analysis carried out based on the lumped mechanism show that the decomposition of RO₂ to produce alkene and HO₂is the most important reaction to inhibit the first-stage ignitions. The chain branching explosion closely related to the first-stage ignition will be terminated when the rate constant for the RO₂ decomposition is larger than that of the isomerization of RO₂ to produce QOOH. The NTC behavior as well as other characteristics of the first-stage ignition can be rationalized from the competition between these two reactions.     

Manage Pension Deficit with Heterogeneous Insurance

This paper considers a positive and increasing pension deficit of a certain pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system, and tries to make up for this deficit by using heterogeneous insurance. The positive pension deficit is formulated as a mathematical function in continuous time. The surplus of an appropriate heterogeneous insurance is described by diffusion approximation of a Cramér-Lundberg process. The system of extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations under mean-variance criterion is established. The closed-form solution and optimal surplus-multiplier of heterogenous insurance are obtained. Some interpretations further explain the theoretical values of the results.

     

陶瓷基功能材料载体纤维增强效果及机理

以陶瓷基功能材料载体为研究对象,按照其生产工艺配方,研究了纤维种类(莫来石、氧化铝、氧化锆)及其添加量对陶瓷基功能材料载体性能的影响.在相同实验条件且不影响其功能化参数前提下,将其与未添加纤维的空白试样力学性能进行对比.结果表明,试样经1200℃烧成后,相比莫来石与氧化铝纤维增强的陶瓷基功能材料载体,氧化锆纤维的增强效果最好.当氧化锆纤维的添加量为0.8 wt;时,试样的吸水率和气孔率均较低,分别为2.0;、4.0;,相比空白对比试样抗折强度增强了42.4;.     

Nine components pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma after oral administration raw and prepared Semen Cassiae in normal and acute liver injury rats

In China, Semen Cassiae has long been used to protect liver, brighten eyes, and relieve constipation. Prepared Semen Cassiae is produced from raw Semen Cassiae by processing, the two forms of Semen Cassiae have different clinical applications. Pathological state is an important factor affecting the efficacy of drugs, the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs could be significantly changed when people or animal were under different pathological state. To clarify the effect of processing mechanism and pathological state for pharmacokinetic behavior, the pharmacokinetics of nine components of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae under normal and acute liver injury rats were examined. The results showed that the bimodal phenomenon appeared on the plasma concentration‐time profiles of obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and rhein. The T_max of aurantio‐obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin, physcion in normal groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were shorter than those administrated raw Semen Cassiae. For the AUC_0–t, aurantio‐obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and physcione in model groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were significantly higher than other groups, unlike above components, rhein had poor absorption in model groups. The study would be useful for further studies on pharmacokinetics and clinical application of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae.     

利用太赫兹光谱和密度泛函理论研究烟酰胺-庚二酸共晶体的多晶型

烟酰胺, 又称为维生素PP，是辅酶Ⅰ和辅酶Ⅱ的组成部分，是许多脱氢酶的辅酶。庚二酸是一种广泛使用的共晶体前体。烟酰胺与庚二酸形成的药物共晶体具有两种不同的多晶型, 分别为晶型Ⅰ和晶型Ⅱ。不同的药物晶型常常具有不同的物理化学性质，这些差异可能会对药物的溶出速率、稳定性以及药效具有较大影响，因此在药物领域中寻找合适的技术手段鉴别药物的不同晶型非常重要。利用太赫兹时域光谱在室温下对烟酰胺-庚二酸的两种共晶体在0.2～2.2 THz范围内进行检测，发现两者的特征吸收峰具有明显的差异，晶型Ⅰ在1.51，1.73，1.94，2.01和2.17 THz有五个特征吸收峰，其中在1.94，2.01和2.17 THz处是三个吸收强度较大的峰，而晶型Ⅱ在1.66，1.74，1.88，2.02和2.16 THz有五个特征吸收峰，与晶型Ⅰ不同的是在2.02和2.16 THz处有两个强度较大的吸收峰。利用密度泛函理论对烟酰胺-庚二酸两种共晶体进行理论计算，计算结果表明实验峰与理论峰基本对应，对吸收峰指认归属表明特征吸收峰来源于分子骨架的振动与包含氢键的振动。研究结果表明太赫兹时域光谱技术对于区分药物共晶体的多晶型现象具有重要的应用。