ZrB2-SiC-Csf超高温陶瓷复合材料碳纤维损伤抑制研究

采用放电等离子烧结和热压烧结制备了短切碳纤维(Csf)增韧ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷复合材料(ZrB2-SiC-Csf),研究了制备工艺对ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料微结构演变、力学性能和抗热冲击性能的影响.结果表明:烧结温度是导致碳纤维结构损伤的主要因素,降低烧结温度能有效抑制碳纤维的结构损伤.采用纳米ZrB2粉体在1450 ℃低温热压烧结制备的ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料在断裂过程中表现出纤维拔出、纤维侨联和裂纹偏转增韧机制,其临界热冲击温差高达741 ℃,表现出良好的力学性能和优异的抗热冲击性能.从热力学的角度阐明了ZrB2-SiC-Csf复合材料中碳纤维结构损伤的机理,并揭示了该类材料的烧结温度应低于1500 ℃.     

Theoretical studies of photovoltaic properties of five new silol dithiophene based D2-A-D1-A-D2 donors

Organic solar cell of silol dithiophene based D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂/PC₇₁BM (D: donor part; A: acceptor part; 1 and 2 denote different units) possesses promising power conversion efficiency. Researchers have studied D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ molecules carefully, including the effects of the different number of terminal thiophenes, the different central moiety (D₁), and the length of the alkyl chain. However, there are few investigations, especially theoretical studies, on the influences of different A (acceptor) units on the properties of D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ molecule. In the present work, we have designed and modeled five new D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂ (D₂ = bithiophene and D₁ = silol dithiophene) donors by changing A units (A = diketopyrrolopyrrole, naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole, 5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, benzobisthiadiazole, and thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole). We have applied density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT to predict their ground-state electronic structures and the UV–vis spectra, and the open circuit voltages (Vocs) of organic solar cells of D₂-A-D₁-A-D₂/PC₇₁BM. Based on the calculated results, we find that bithiophene thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole siloldithiophene (BTTS) (D₂ = bithiophene, A = thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole, D₁ = silol dithiophene) possesses the highest lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (−2.60 eV) and the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital (−5.33 eV) energies, and the strongest absorption in the visible region. Besides, the solar cell of BTTS/PC₇₁BM has the highest Voc of 1.02 V. These results indicate that it may be a promising donor. In contrast, bithiophene benzobisthiadiazole siloldithiophene (BBBS) (A = benzobisthiadiazole) has low absorption strength in the visible region, which indicates that it may not be a suitable donor material.     

Polyamide Nanofiltration Membrane from Surfactant-assembly Regulated Interfacial Polymerization of 2-Methylpiperazine for Divalent Cations Removal

Removal of metal ions from water can not only alleviate the scaling problem of domestic and industrial water, but also solve the water safety problem caused by heavy metal ion pollution. Here, we fabricate a positively charged nanofiltration membrane via surfactant-assembly regulated interfacial polymerization(SARIP) of 2-methylpiperazine(MPIP) and trimesoyl chloride(TMC). Due to the existence of methyl substituent, MPIP has lower reactive activity than piperazine(PIP) but stronger affinity to hexane, resulting in a nanofiltration(NF) membrane with an opposite surface charge and a loose polyamide active layer. Interestingly, with the help of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) assembly at the water/hexane, the reactivity between MPIP and TMC was obviously increased and caused in turn the formation of a positively charged polyamide active layer with a smaller pore size, as well as with a narrower pore size distribution. The resulting membrane shows a highly efficient removal of divalent cations from water, of which the rejections of MgCl₂, CoCl₂ and NiCl₂ are higher than 98.8%, 98.0% and 98.0%, respectively, which are better than those of most of other positively charged NF membranes reported in literatures.     

High-strength and low-swelling chitosan/cellulose microspheres as a high-efficiency adsorbent for dye removal

Cellulose - Dye contamination of water supplies has a serious threat to human health, prompting the development of highly effective and eco-friendly adsorbents. In this work, polyelectrolyte...     

双功能改性的T型分子筛膜用于有机溶剂脱水

将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）引入到T型分子筛膜表面,用以修饰多晶膜合成过程中产生的缺陷。X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和FT-IR等方法的表征结果显示,APTES通过“键合”的形式被成功地修饰到膜表面上。APTES层起到2个作用：一是提高膜的亲水性;二是减少膜层的缺陷。将修饰后的膜应用在348 K、90%的异丙醇水溶液的脱水时,该膜表现出比较高的分离因子和通量。该方法重复性良好,5个修饰后的膜样品的选择性平均增加了大约8倍（从359±23增加到2 934±183）,而渗透通量仅仅从（3.52±0.10） kg·m^-2·h^-1降低到（3.06±0.14） kg·m^-2·h^-1（减少13.07%）。在363 K下,修饰的膜经过100 h的连续测试,膜渗透测得的水含量均可达到99.50%以上,表明修饰后的膜性能较稳定。     

贵金属负载的棒状ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及其提升的光催化性能

以水热制备的ZnO纳米棒为基底,通过乙二醇液相还原法负载不同贵金属颗粒(Pt、Pd、Ru)构筑贵金属负载的ZnO纳米棒复合光催化剂。实验结果表明在制备条件相同时,Pt/ZnO样品中Pt颗粒尺寸较小,分布均匀;Pd/ZnO样品中Pd颗粒尺寸较大且团聚严重;Ru/ZnO样品则几乎没有Ru颗粒负载。在紫外光照射下降解亚甲基蓝的反应中,Pt/ZnO表现出最高的光催化性能,Pd/ZnO样品次之,而Ru/ZnO则表现出与ZnO纳米棒相似的光催化活性;表明小尺寸和大小均匀的贵金属颗粒对ZnO纳米棒的催化性能有着显著的提升作用。对Pt/ZnO来说,当Pt载量为3.2%时Pt/ZnO催化剂的光催化活性最高。     

方形管内楔形障碍物对火焰结构与传播的影响

通过实验与数值模拟方法对CH4/空气预混火焰在有楔形障碍物的卧式燃烧方管内的传播进行了研究。采用多镜头Cranz Schardin高速摄像机和压力传感器等实验设备获得了高清晰度的障碍物诱导火焰失稳的分幅时序照片以及障碍物背风表面压力变化曲线。数值模拟则基于RANS方法与EDU-Arrhenius燃烧模型,计算结果与实验结果基本相符,反映了火焰在管内传播与变形的详细过程。通过综合分析实验与计算结果,得到了由楔形障碍物导致的火焰加速与变形的内在机理,揭示了火焰传播过程中由层流燃烧向湍流燃烧转捩的本质。     

实现金属环动态拉伸的电磁加载技术研究

描述了实现金属环动态拉伸的电磁膨胀环实验方法,改进了快速放电和短路开关两个实现自由膨胀的关键问题,为研究材料本构关系、动态断裂和破碎提供了一条简单而实用的加载途径。主回路电流由Rogowski线圈测量获得,金属环的膨胀速度由狭缝扫描相机测量得到,并由电动力学方程可计算出金属环中的流动应力、应变、应变率以及温升等动态力学参数。     

混凝土箱梁相似模型结构噪声对比分析*

为探讨混凝土箱梁噪声的时变特性,以京沪高铁32 m混凝土简支箱梁为原型,制作了1:10的缩尺模型,通过模态试验的方法验证箱梁模型与原型的相似关系,通过声学试验验证箱梁声学计算模型的正确性。然后,建立了箱梁缩尺模型与原型两种计算模型,利用有限元和边界元法求出两种模型的瞬态结构噪声。研究发现,箱梁缩尺模型与箱梁原型的材料参数满足一定关系,模型试验的方法能够验证箱梁模型与箱梁原型之间符合相似关系,箱梁模型的振动噪声测试结果能真实反映原型振动噪声水平。两种模型的结构噪声在时域内声压级及对应场点的声压存在一定相似关系。该研究可为箱梁缩尺模型结构噪声反演至箱梁原型提供依据,所采用的方法和得到的结果对桥梁结构振动与声辐射实验研究具有参考作用。