给定度序列图的覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本的研究

具有n个顶点且度序列为(m,2,…,2,1,…,1)(1的重数为m)的连通图不止一个(这些图均为树),而每个树对应唯一一个段序列(l₁,l₂,…,l_m).通过对任意一树移动最长段的悬挂点到最短段悬挂点的方式得到另一树,比较前后两树的覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本,给出了具有最小覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本的极树,并且进一步给出了取得最小覆盖成本和反向覆盖成本的顶点.     

从化学视角剖析烫发、染发原理及顺序*

从头发的结构和组成出发分析头发形状和颜色改变的可能性,剖析烫发、染发的化学原理,阐释先烫发后染发的本质原因,从化学视角辨证地看待烫发、染发的利弊。     

基于视觉辐条图案识别方法的蓝宝石引晶机制研究

工业生产蓝宝石晶体过程中,引晶步骤有着至关重要的地位。引晶必须在温度梯度较小,温度分布趋于稳定的条件下进行。目前,工业生产蓝宝石主要依靠人工经验操控籽晶杆实现引晶操作,但是人工引晶操作的准确性不高会导致成品品质不佳、资源浪费。为此,本文提出一种基于蓝宝石视觉辐条图案识别方法来检测蓝宝石熔体状态自由液面状态,从而实现一种高效率引晶的机制。此方法利用经典骨架化算法细化辐条图案,Harris算子实现特征信息的提取,提取的特征信息放入运动轨迹模型中判断熔体稳定性,分析液面温度分布稳定性从而实现引晶。结果表明,此算法具有有效性,蓝宝石晶体引晶效率大大提高,生产出的成品良率也有提升,可有效指导蓝宝石的工业生产。     

Polymeric Carbon Nitride-based Single Atom Photocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to C1 Products

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₁ fuels is considered to be an important way for alleviating increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution. Due to the environment-friendly, simple preparation, easy formation of highly-stable metal-nitrogen(M-N_x) coordination bonds, and suitable band structure, polymeric carbon nitride-based single-atom catalysts(C₃N₄-based SACs) are expected to become a potential for CO₂ reduction under visible-light irradiation. In this review, we summarize the recent advancement on C₃N₄-based SACs for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₁ products, including the reaction mechanism for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction to C₁ products, the structure and synthesis methods of C₃N₄-based SACs and their applications toward photocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction(CO₂RR) for C₁ production. The current challenges and future opportunities of C₃N₄-based SACs for photoreduction of CO₂ are also discussed.     

第32届中国化学奥林匹克初赛有机试题详解

利用框图全面归纳了第32届全国化学奥林匹克竞赛（初赛）有机试题的考点分布，并对考题进行了详细解析，以帮助致力于参加高中化学竞赛的考生取得优异成绩。     

曲面相机阵列多分辨成像方法

针对现有成像系统因数据冗余而无法兼顾大视场、高分辨、高效性的问题,结合人眼视网膜变分辨成像和并列式复眼成像原理,设计一种多分辨率成像的复合仿生成像系统.该成像系统按照球面和平面兼顾的曲面布局方式,利用11个相机镜头构建相机阵列,组成了四个等级分辨率的子眼拍摄模块.通过物距100 m的远景实验和物距10 m的近景实验发现,该系统在实现高分辨成像的同时,获得总视场达150.8°×37.8°.多分辨率成像实验结果表明,该系统获取的图像的分辨率从中心视场到边缘视场逐渐降低,并且相较于中心清晰全视场成像,四级分辨率成像的拼接图像数据量减少了17.2倍的数据冗余.     

铌酸锂电光调Q晶体漏光现象的研究

针对铌酸锂(LN)电光调Q开关性能一致性差、退压式调Q时无法完全关断光路的问题进行了系统研究.在闪光灯泵浦Nd:YAG激光系统中,对多块LN电光调Q开关的退压式电光调Q性能进行了对比测试,并从电光调Q理论出发,分析了光路无法关断的可能原因.在此基础上,利用X射线定向仪、锥光干涉法对各晶体的轴向偏差、光学均匀性进行了表征,首次发现了LN晶体的电光不均匀性,即感应主轴偏离理论上的45°方向、通光截面各处感应双折射不一致.通过对比实验,证实了电光不均匀性是造成光路无法关断、不同开关性能差异较大的主要原因.     

荧光粉Ba5-3x/2B4O11∶xEu3+的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相烧结法成功制备了Ba_5-3x/2B₄O₁₁∶xEu³⁺(x=0.02~0.22)荧光粉,利用XRD和SEM等对荧光粉进行了结构和形貌表征。 在激发波长为393 nm的条件下,发射峰(596、621、657和706 nm)与Eu³⁺的⁵D₀-⁷F_J(J=1,2,3,4)电子跃迁相对应,其中621 nm最强发射峰由Eu³⁺离子⁵D₀→⁷F₂电偶极跃迁造成。 文章还研究了Eu³⁺掺杂浓度对Ba_5-3x/2B₄O₁₁∶xEu³⁺发光性能的影响,结果表明,荧光粉的发光强度随着Eu³⁺掺杂量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,Eu³⁺最佳掺杂量为0.16。     

Atomic-scale simulations for lithium dendrite growth driven by strain gradient

Dendrite formation is a major obstacle, e.g., capacity loss and short circuit, to the next-generation high-energy-density lithium (Li)-metal batteries. The development of successful Li dendrite mitigation strategies is impeded by an insufficient understanding in Li dendrite growth mechanisms. The Li-plating-induced internal stress in Li-metal and its effects on dendrite growth have been widely studied, but the underlying microcosmic mechanism is elusive. In the present study, the role of the plating-induced stress in dendrite formation is analyzed through first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations. It is shown that the deposited Li forms a stable atomic nanofilm structure on the copper (Cu) substrate, and the adsorption energy of Li atoms increases from the Li-Cu interface to the deposited Li surface, leading to more aggregated Li atoms at the interface. Compared with the pristine Li-metal, the deposited Li in the early stage becomes compacted and suffers the in-plane compressive stress. Interestingly, there is a giant strain gradient distribution from the Li-Cu interface to the deposited Li surface, making the deposited atoms adjacent to the Cu surface tend to press upwards with perturbation and causing the dendrite growth. This provides an insight into the atomicscale origin of Li dendrite growth, and may be useful for suppressing the Li dendrite in Li-metal-based rechargeable batteries.