水稻雄性不育系C1001中发现无融合生殖株系的细胞学和胚胎学研究

对水稻雄性不育系C1001的生殖方式进行的细胞学和胚胎学研究表明,在水稻雄性不育系C1001的部分株系中,其生殖方式出现了几种类型的无融合生殖,在完全隔离的条件下,在胚珠内观察到有两条胚的可能发生途径,其一,胚来自胚珠体细胞(因尚未追溯其来源,暂定为胚来自胚珠体细胞),然后挤向胚囊继续发育成成熟胚;其二,胚来自未授精的卵细胞或助细胞,以孤雌或单性生殖的方式发育成胚,不形成真正的胚乳,此外反足细胞发生位移,细胞质变稀薄,液泡化,并进行有丝分裂,形成多细胞结构,讨论了水稻C1001中发生的无融合生殖方式和意义。     

半凸多目标优化ε-拟弱有效解的最优性条件及对偶定理

本文在相关文献考虑MP问题的基础上,增加了等式约束条件,即本文考虑了VP问题,并将已有文献中的凸性假设改为半凸性假设,得到VP问题的ε-拟弱有效解的相应最优性条件.接着,本文定义了VP问题的拉格朗日函数及其ε-拟弱鞍点,得到VP问题的ε-拟弱鞍点相应定理.最后,本文考虑了VP问题的对偶问题,获得了VP问题的弱对偶和强对偶定理.     

STUDY ON WAYS OF FORCING INTERCELLULAR CYTOPLASM AND CHROMATIN MIGRATION TO TRANSFER EXTERNAL GENETIC SUBSTANCES TO PLANT CELLS BY ARTIFICIAL MOTIVE FORCE

A new cell engineering technique (L. B. technique) was established in our Lab. At first, the physical and chemical methods were used to facilitate the reestablishment of intercellular contacts and plasmodesma channels between different parents, thus forcing cytoplasm and chromatin to pass the cell wall with different qualities and quantities from one cell to others, through the enlarged intercellular plasmodesma channels or the vulnerable regions and the holes on the cell wall formed differently in growth and thickness in the process of cell wall formation to introduce external genetic substances or gene groups into plant cells. There are different ways, frequencies and strengths for the migration between the cells in different growth and development regions or the same growth and development region. In this paper we advance the mechanism of cytoplasm and chromatin migration through the cell wall: There are a large number of plasmodesma channels or vulnerable regions and holes different in growth and th     

CYTOLOGIC AND EMBRYOLOGIC STUDIES ON APOMICTS DISCOVERED FROM MALE STERILITY LINE C1001 IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Cytologic and embryologic studies on the reproductive pattern of male sterility line C1001 in rice (Oryza saliva L.) indicated that several types of apomixis were discovered in partial strains of male sterility line C1001 in rice. Under a fully separate condition, two possible apomixis embryogenesis ways in the ovules were observed: One way was that the embryo was initiated from the somatic cells of the ovules, and then pushed against the embryo sac to develop into a mature embryo. The other way was that the embryo was from the unfertilized egg cell or one of synergids, and then developed into a mature embryo in the form of haploid parthenogenesis without forming endosperm. Besides, the antipodal cells migrated in the embryo sac, and their cytoplasm became thin and vacuolated while mitosis was taking place, giving rise to a multicellular structure or a group of large cells each containing several nuclei. This paper also discusses the significance and patterns of apomixis in rice C1001.     

人工促使烟草和菠菜胚性细胞间染色质穿壁实现植株再生——一项新的细胞工程技术(L.B技术)

本文采用了一项新的细胞工程技术。它包括亲本胚性细胞团的诱导、分离和纯化;不同亲本胚性细胞的离散、组合、离心增殖培养和细胞间重建联系和联结;活性K~+溶液处理、强化离心穿壁培养促使不同亲本细胞间染色质和细胞质广泛穿壁转移;选择培养系统的建立和再生植株等操作程序。采用这项技术成功地实现了烟草和菠菜胚性细胞间染色质和细胞质的穿壁转移,并再生了植株。遗传学和细胞学研究表明,再生植株具双亲的遗传性状和染色体。这项技术的建立可能发展成为一项新的细胞工程技术,将在理论和实践上给我们带来新的希望和设想。     

ACHT促使次生胞间连丝和胞间通道的形成

在应用人工促使不同细胞间细胞质和染色质穿壁转移技术的共培养期间,烟草和菠菜细胞间形成厚薄不均匀的隔离层,逐渐被吸收、变薄、直至消失,使不同的细胞直接联结嵌合在一起;在继续共培养时,相邻细胞壁上,从一侧或两侧形成次生半胞间连丝、胞间连丝和胞间通道(细胞融合道),从而把不同细胞联结成共质细胞团,为进一步适时地操作细胞质和染色质的穿壁转移提供了细胞结构和细胞生理基础。本文描述了细胞间各种类型的联结和通道。     

FORCING INTERCELLULAR CHROMATIN MI GRATION BETWEEN THE EMBRYOGENIC CELLS OF N. tabacum AND S.oleracea BY ARTIFICIAL MOTIVE FORCE AND THE SUBSEQUENT REGENERA TION OF HYBRID PLANTS——A NEW CELL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUE (L. B. TECHNIQUE)

A new cell engineering technique is established. The technique procedures included inducement andisolation and purification of the embryogenic calluses of two parents, dispersion and combination andcentrifugation multiplication culture of the embryogenic cells of different parents to make them contactand bind with each other, treating the two parents' embryogenic calluses by active potassium solutionand strengthened centrifugation culture to force chromatin and cytoplasm to pass through cell walls andthe establishment of the selective culture system and regeneration of the hybrid plants. By the techniqueintercellular chromatin and cytoplasm migration are manipulated successfully among the embryogenic cellsof tobacco and spinage and the subsequent regeneration of hybrid plants. Studies of genetics and cytologyshowed that regenerated plants retained the genetic traits and the chromosomes found in the original par-ents. It is strongly suggested that the establishment of the technique may give rise to a new     

人工促使细胞间细胞质和染色质穿壁转移实现外源遗传物质导入途径的研究

我们建立的一项新的细胞工程技术(L.B.技术)是用物理和化学方法促使不同亲本细胞间建立联结和通道,进而迫使镶嵌生长在一起的两亲本细胞间细胞质和染色质从细胞壁的一处或几处,以不同的质和量通过扩大了的胞间通道“穿入”或通过因细胞壁形成过程中不均匀生长和加厚并经L.B.技术处理而出现的薄弱区域或孔穴“穿入”相邻细胞,实现植物细胞对外源遗传物质或基因群的导入.不同的细胞生长发育区域的细胞间及同一生长发育区域细胞间穿壁转移的方式、频率、强度也是不同的.导入的历程和途径是,镶嵌生长在一起的两亲本细胞团,经低渗低pH值K~+溶液处理后,细胞吸水膨胀,原生质和核液川流增强,细胞壁松弛,壁上通道扩大,并在壁上薄弱区域形成更多的孔穴,这些造成了穿壁的良好结构和生理状态,渗透压和离心力则是实际驱动力,促使细胞质和染色质大量而强烈地穿壁转移,实现外源遗传物质的导入.