Surface of room temperature ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] studied by polarization- and experimental configuration-dependent sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.     

Practical Synthesis of 2-Iodosobenzoic Acid (IBA) without Contamination by Hazardous 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) under Mild Conditions

We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone^® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.     

微机械陀螺的发展现状

随着对微电子机械系统(MEMS)的深入研究和取得的进展,属于MEMS研究内容之一的微机械陀螺,在汽车工业需求的推动下,已经成为过去几十年内广泛研究和发展的主题.微机械陀螺与传统机械式陀螺、固体陀螺、光学陀螺等相比,具有成本低、尺寸小、重量轻、可靠性高等优点,其精度正不断得到提高,应用领域也随之不断扩大.本文首先简要介绍了微机械陀螺的定义及特征、性能指标、工作原理、分类以及加工技术,随后对已出现的不同类型微机械陀螺的结构、加工方式、工作原理以及性能进行了综述,最后对微机械陀螺的商业化现状以及发展趋势进行了展望.     

一种新颖的光纤应力传感器

基于模体积失配效应与微弯原理，提出了一种新颖的强度型光纤应力传感器，其传输光功率变化与应力之间近似为线性关系，重复性好，无迟滞现象     

水平井变质量流研究进展

综述了水平井筒沿管壁具有流体流入的变质量流动的最新研究 进展.内容包括:考虑油藏流体流入时井筒流动压力及产量的计算,具 有不同流入时管壁摩擦系数的经验计算公式,以及流体径向流入井筒 后流动阻力损失产生的机理分析等.重点介绍了水平井筒变质量流动 阻力系数的计算,同时文中还介绍了井筒两相变质量流动损失产生的 机理和数值模拟研究进展.     

用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究

提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法．实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害．为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础．     

纳米二氧化硅水溶胶成膜特性研究

研究了纳米SiO2水溶胶的固液二相流成膜特性．结果表明，水溶胶中的Si02固体颗粒的粒径及质量分数对粘度的影响较小，对成膜能力和承载能力的影响较大；在薄膜润滑阶段，固体颗粒的粒径和质量分数对润滑状态的稳定性具有一定的影响，随着速度的增加，液体膜厚度逐渐增大，固体颗粒对液体润滑膜稳定性及性能的影响逐渐减弱；在弹流润滑阶段，固体颗粒的影响很小。     

中心裂纹圆盘应力强度因子的测试误差分析

本文在中心裂纹圆盘应力强度因子解析解的基础上,利用一阶微分法则,给出了与裂纹相对长度和加载角相关的应力强度因子(K 和K )的4个误差传递函数。这4个误差传递函数关于裂纹相对长度和加载角均是非线性的,它们既是误差分析的基础,又是合理确定裂纹相对长度和加载角的基础。分析结果表明,加载角的误差Δθ除了对纯 型K 的误差几乎没有影响,对纯 型K 影响较小外,对复合型K 、K 的误差均有较大影响。最后,本文建议裂纹相对长度的取值范围为0.4～0.6;还建议在复合型断裂试验时,必须依据对K 、K 的总体精度要求来严格控制加载角的精度。     

EFFECTS OF FINELY DISPERSED METALLIC PALLADIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITES PRODUCED BY SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE

Nanosized palladium particles were incorporated into mesoporous silica matrix to obtain nanocomposites using the sol-gel technique. Effects of the finely dispersed metallic palladium on the microstructure and properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. By means of X-ray diffraction and optical absorption, it was found that palladium particles were 5-9 nm in diameter and their uniform dispersion in the mesoporous silica depended on both the content of the palladium and the structural features of the silica matrix. The results showed that the mixing method of preparation led to wider size distribution of the nanosized particles as compared to the immersion method, but dispersed degree was reduced. Although the incorporation of nanosized palladium particles could not substantially induce significant structural changes of the matrix, the apparent red-shifted optical absorptions for the nanocomposites were observed as compared to the parent monolithic silica, particularly with increase in palladium loading and calcination temperature.     

纳米力学的数值模拟方法

纳米力学是一支新兴学科，主要研究100nm以下尺度上物质的行 为和变化规律.物质在纳米尺度上所具有的特殊效应如量子效应、微尺 度效应等导致了其特异的性能和行为.人们对纳米力学行为的认识，目 前主要通过试验观测和数值模拟等方法.本文概要回顾了分子动力学模 拟、蒙特卡罗模拟等纳米力学计算方法的研究进展及现状，提出了以 量子力学为基础、多学科交叉、多层次融合发展纳米力学研究方法的构 思，并对纳米力学研究方法所面临的问题及其发展趋势做了初步展望.