水合醋酸铈直接热分解制备超细氧化铈及其抛光性能

Ultra fine ceria was prepared by calcining hydrate cerium acetate. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the particle size, morphology, specific surface area and loose packing density of ceria were investigated, and the removal rate of optical glasses polishing by ceria was determined. The results show that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the loose deposit density and crystallinity increases and the specific surface area decreases, however, the particle size decreases firstly and then increases, the minimum medium particle size D₅₀ is 0.47 μm at pyrolysis temperature of 1 000 ℃. The SEM images of ceria prepared by the decomposition at 800 ℃ or at 1 100 ℃ show porous powders or quasi-sphere small particles with loosely agglomeration, respectively. It was found that the removal rate varied with pyrolysis temperature in preparation of ceria and the property of glass polished. The removal rate for three kinds of glasses was in the order of ZF7> F1> K9, and the maximum value appeared at around 1 000 ℃ for ZF7 and F1, and at around 1 100 ℃ for K9.     

铈锆固溶体的水热晶化及抛光性能

以混合氢氧化物固体粉末为前驱体，在一定水热处理温度和时间条件下制备了纳米级的CexZr1-xO2固溶体。XRD分析表明：焙烧前后的固溶体均与面心立方的CeO2的特征峰相符合，说明固溶体属于立方晶系；TEM分析表明：600℃焙烧后的粉体与焙烧前相比，晶界明显，晶型呈立方形；在一定水热处理时间条件下，不同的处理温度对样品的失重率影响较大，在180℃以下时，前驱体晶化不完全，且出现单斜相和四方相的ZrO2，这为水热法制备CexZr1-xO2固溶体的晶化机理研究提供一定的借鉴。经800℃焙烧1．5h的粉体对光学玻璃有较好的抛光性能。相对高温制备样品其焙烧温度低200℃以上，并省去了后期处理过程。     

碳酸氢铵与氯化钇反应及结晶产物的组成和晶相类型

The relationships of crystal type, crystallization speed, purity, grain size and shape of rare earth carbonate with precipitation and crystallization conditions are very important for the production of rare earth carbonate with high efficiency, high quality and low cost. It is necessary for us for further understand the crystallization process mechanism and the factors effect on the crystallization. In the present paper, the crystallization characteristic, composition and crystal phase type of yttrium carbonates or ammonium yttrium carbonates precipitated from yttrium chloride solution using ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant were determined by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and the pH situ-determination. It was found that the crystal phase type was dominated by the feed molar ratio of ammonium bicarbonate to yttrium chloride, and the crystallization speed and the crystal composition were also influenced by temperature, feed manner and aging period etc. When precipitating and aging under lower temperature, crystallization is easy to take place in the high feed molar ratio zone, and when increasing tempera-ture, crystallization will take place both in lower and higher feed molar ratio zones. The results show that spherical yttrium carbonate with tengerite type crystal phase can be formed within the temperature 30～70℃ when feed molar ratio of ammonium bicarbonate to yttrium chloride is less than 4, and that a rhombus flake crystal, which possesses the composition of ammonium yttrium quasi-double carbonate and a new XRD pattern, is formed when the feed molar ratio is over 4. Their compositions can be represented as (NH₄)_aY(CO₃)_b(OH)_c·nH₂O, a< 1, 1< b< 2, c=3+a-2b. A fine crystal of ammonium yttrium double carbonate with the formula of (NH₄)Y(CO₃)₂·H₂O can also be obtained as using an enough amount of ammonium bicarbonate and aging enough time.     

碳酸钇铵复盐结晶的形成及影响因素

对碳酸氢铵沉淀钇时碳酸钇铵复盐结晶的形成条件与ｐＨ变化特征进行了研究,发现其结晶过程与平衡溶液ｐＨ有对应关系。溶液ｐＨ由碳酸钇铵结晶化反应和碳酸氢铵的水解反应所控制。根据溶液ｐＨ的变化可以判断结晶反应是否发生或完成,以及结晶速度的快慢和结晶的程度。Ｘ－射线衍射及差热－热重分析结果表明,产物为复盐结晶２,加料方式对结晶的形成有很大影响。     

稀土铝酸盐蓝色荧光粉前驱体的制备及其应用

以硫酸铝铵和碳酸氢铵为原料，制备了结晶碳酸铝铵，用IR，XRD，DTA－TG等手段研究了结晶碳酸铝铵在煅烧过程中的相变和热分解机理，并考察了煅烧过程中的粒度和比表面变化以及煅烧产物的外观形貌，结果表明：在煅烧过程中结晶碳酸铝铵首先分解为无定型氧化铝，并依次从无定型Al2O3-γ-Al2O3-κ-Al2O3,δ-Al2O3,τ-Al2O3-α-Al2O3,τ-Al2O3-α-Al2O3转变，比表面在600℃之前是随温度升高而增大，600摄氏度之后则下降，而粒度变化在900摄氏度之前随温度升高而降低，900摄氏度之后则增大，煅烧产物为粒度在2-3um的片状结晶氧化铝，用该氧化铝所合成的稀土铝酸盐蓝粉，晶相纯，发光强度高，且粒度小，可以满足不球磨蓝色荧光粉的基本要求。