Surface Roughness and Charge Influence the Uptake of Nanoparticles: Fluorescently Labeled Pickering‐Type Versus Surfactant‐Stabilized Nanoparticles

The influence of surface roughness and charge on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles in HeLa cells is investigated with fluorescent, oppositely charged, rough, and smooth nanoparticles. Flow cytometry, cLSM, and TEM reveal that rough nanoparticles are internalized by the cells more slowly and by an unidentified uptake route as no predominant endocytosis route is blocked by a variety of inhibitory drugs, while the uptake of smooth nanoparticles is strongly dependent on dynamin, F‐actin, and lipid‐raft. Negatively charged nanoparticles are taken up to a higher extent than positively charged ones, independent of the surface roughness.

     

微槽道内气体流动特性的实验研究

搭建了微槽道的单相实验台,分析了氮气在不同深/宽比、长径比及水力直径的微槽道中流动特性。层流区的摩擦常数与理论预测值吻合较好(除L=20mm工况),层流到湍流的转捩均有不同程度的提前(转捩Re数在1000左右);在湍流区,槽道的长径比变小、相对粗糙度的增大(或水力直径的减小)及长度的减小可使流动阻力增大;拟合出了湍流区微槽道的几何参数与摩擦常数的关联式。     

预制层溅射气压对CIGS薄膜结构及器件的影响

研究了金属预制层制备过程中溅射气压对Cu(In_1-xGa_x)Se₂(CIGS)薄膜及电池器件性能的影响.通过调节溅射气压改变预制层的结晶状态及疏松度与粗糙度,在合适的预制层结构下,活性硒化热处理过程中,可使Ga有效地掺入到薄膜中形成优质的CIGS固溶体.高溅射气压会使预制层过于致密,呈现非晶态趋势.经活性硒化热处理后,CIGS薄膜容易产生CIS与CGS"两相分离"现象,从而导致CIGS薄膜太阳电池的开路电压和填充因子降低,电池转换效率由10.03%降低到5.02%.     

粗糙表面涂覆目标的太赫兹波散射特性研究

对具有涂覆层目标的太赫兹波段粗糙表面的散射特性进行了研究. 考虑到表面粗糙度的影响, 可先对反射系数进行修正, 再利用反射系数对等效电磁流进行修正, 得到粗糙涂覆表面的等效电磁流, 然后在物理光学方程的基础上得到粗糙表面涂覆目标的雷达散射截面; 最后进行图形电磁学可视化计算, 并采用Visual C++对模型进行OpenGL显示, 提取像素面元的有效信息对所得理论进行了仿真分析, 研究了不同入射角度、不同频率、不同介质、不同粗糙度和不同涂层厚度下的太赫兹波电磁散射特性, 得到了一些有参考价值的结论.     

粗糙纳通道内流体流动与传热的分子动力学模拟研究

为研究粗糙表面对纳尺度流体流动和传热及其流固界面速度滑移与温度阶跃的影响,本文建立了粗糙纳通道内流体流动和传热耦合过程的分子动力学模型,模拟研究了粗糙通道内流体的微观结构、速度和温度分布、速度滑移和温度阶跃并与光滑通道进行了比较,并分析了固液相互作用强度和壁面刚度对界面处速度滑移和温度阶跃的影响规律. 研究结果表明,在外力作用下,纳通道主流区域的速度分布呈抛物线分布,由于流体流动导致的黏性耗散使得纳通道内的温度分布呈四次方分布. 并且,在固体壁面处存在速度滑移与温度阶跃. 表面粗糙度的存在使得流体剪切流动产生了额外的黏性耗散,使得粗糙纳通道内的流体速度水平小于光滑通道,温度水平高于光滑通道,并且粗糙表面的速度滑移与温度阶跃均小于光滑通道. 另外,固液相互作用强度的增大和壁面刚度的减小均可导致界面处速度滑移和温度阶跃程度降低. 关键词： 速度滑移 温度阶跃 流固界面 粗糙度     

Effect of surface morphology on measurement and interpretation of boundary slip on superhydrophobic surfaces

Highly liquid repellent surfaces have been obtained by the combination of roughness and hydrophobicity. Studies have reported that the flow over such surfaces exhibits larger boundary slip as compared to the smooth hydrophobic surfaces. However, the surface roughness can also lead to apparent slip. Thus, the effect of the two factors, that is, wettability and roughness, needs to be segregated. In this study, we have measured the slippage of water on rough hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy technique (CP‐AFM). Results showed that the effect of surface roughness on the measured slip is dominant over that of wettability. It was also found that slip on surfaces with sparsely distributed asperities is highly local and measurements on various locations give dissimilar results. The results suggested that the main reason of the larger slip, on rough hydrophobic surfaces, is likely to be the roughness and not the hydrophobicity. Moreover, it was also found that the slip does not vary considerably with the increase or decrease in the shear rate. Most likely, this kind of slip phenomena is caused by the apparent decrease of the drag force, because the nanoasperities on the surface restrict the probe from reaching the surface properly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陶瓷材料疏水性能的研究进展

本文简述了疏水性表面的基本原理,分别从低表面能物质修饰和表面微细粗糙结构的构建两个方面,对疏水性陶瓷材料的制备技术和最新的成果进行了总结,介绍了其潜在的应用并对未来的研究方向作了展望。     

非牛顿流体有限长粗糙轴承分析

本文采用H.Christense力提出的随机粗糙模型,推导了幂律型流体纵向粗糙型和横向粗糙型润滑雷诺方程和相应的承载力、流量系数和摩擦系数的计算公式.对有限长动载径向轴承纵向粗糙型雷诺方程,用差分方法进行数值求解,得到了粗糙度和幂律指数对轴承的压力分布、承载力、流量系数和摩擦系数影响曲线,并有表面粗糙度和润滑油的非牛顿特性独立地影响轴承油膜力学特性的结论.     

反射式光纤位移传感器应用设计实验

基于光的反射原理并结合光纤传感器的特点,设计了反射式光纤位移传感器应用设计性实验.利用反射式光纤传感器测量微小位移的原理,通过测量输出电压与位移的关系确定工作点,测得表面柤糙程度不同的真假钞的输出信号,从而实现对纸币的真假识别.     

Fractals — An overview of potential applications to transport in porous media

We present an overview of the potential applicability of fractal concepts to various aspects of transport phenomena in heterogeneous porous media. Three examples of phenomena where a fractal approach should prove illuminating are presented. In the first example we consider pore level heterogeneities as typified by pore surface roughness. We suggest that roughness may be usefully modelled by fractal curves and surfaces and also cite experimental evidence for regarding pores as fractals. In the second example we consider a fractal network approach to modelling large-scale heterogeneities. The presence of features on all length scales in simple fractal models should capture the essential role played by the presence of heterogeneities on many scales in natural reservoirs. Studies of transport phenomena in such models may yield valuable insights into the problems of macroscopic dispersion. The final example concerns dispersion in multiphase flow. Here the fractal character is attributed to the distribution of the fluid phases rather than the porous medium itself. Again studies of transport phenomena in simple fractal models should help to clarify various problems associated with the corresponding phenomena in real reservoirs.