砂土串囊式充气锚杆承载力的研究

在砂土地层中,串囊式充气锚杆的研究还比较少,其承载特性及受力机理尚不明确。本文基于莫尔-库仑模型和Vesic圆孔扩张理论法,分别对圆柱体、球体、组合体、椭球体假设下的串囊式充气锚杆的扩大段进行计算分析。并将计算结果与试验得到的实测值进行对比。结果表明:四种形状假设中椭球体的形状假设理论值与实测值的误差最小,仅为8.35%。通过拟合试验数据,并引入与端阻力和侧摩阻力有关的两个系数对承载力公式进行修正,得到了抗拔承载力的经验公式。     

Discrete element modelling of large soil deformations under heavy vehicles

This paper addresses the challenges of creating realistic models of soil for simulations of heavy vehicles on weak terrain. We modelled dense soils using the discrete element method with variable parameters for surface friction, normal cohesion, and rolling resistance. To find out what type of soils can be represented, we measured the internal friction and bulk cohesion of over 100 different virtual samples. To test the model, we simulated rut formation from a heavy vehicle with different loads and soil strengths. We conclude that the relevant space of dense frictional and frictional-cohesive soils can be represented and that the model is applicable for simulation of large deformations induced by heavy vehicles on weak terrain.     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

建立了一种基于QuEChERS前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)和内标法,快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)残留的分析方法。5. 0 g土壤样品添加200μg/kg基质匹配同位素内标后,经20 m L 0. 1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液和乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1∶1)提取,基质分散固相萃取(150 mg无水MgSO4、15 mg PSA、15 mg C18)净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS进行测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。在优化条件下,19种抗生素的相关系数(r~2)为0. 992～0. 998,检出限为0. 2～1. 0μg/kg,定量下限为1. 0～5. 0μg/kg;在10、50、200μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为65. 2%～104%,相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于14%。该方法操作简单快速、准确度高,适用于土壤中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留的检测。     

The recent progress of functionally graded CNT reinforced composites and structures

In the last decade,the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites(FG-CNTRCs)have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent mechanical properties,and the structures made of FG-CNTRCs have found broad potential applications in aerospace,civil and ocean engineering,automotive industry,and smart structures.Here we review the literature regarding the mechanical analysis of bulk CNTR nanocomposites and FG-CNTRC structures,aiming to provide a clear picture of the mechanical modeling and properties of FG-CNTRCs as well as their composite structures.The review is organized as follows:(1)a brief introduction to the functionally graded materials(FGM),CNTRCs and FG-CNTRCs;(2)a literature review of the mechanical modeling methodologies and properties of bulk CNTRCs;(3)a detailed discussion on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRCs;and(4)conclusions together with a suggestion of future research trends.     

平面波输入下海水-海床-结构动力相互作用分析

海洋工程结构的地震反应分析是保证海洋工程结构地震安全的重要环节.由于其所处的复杂环境, 该问题涉及到流固耦合和土-结相互作用.本文基于海水、饱和海床、基岩流固耦合统一计算框架,采用Davidenkov模型和修正的Masing准则考虑饱和海床的非线性,在脉冲SV波垂直入射下, 进行了海域场地和海洋工程结构的动力响应分析. 首先,对比分析了线性自由场和非线性自由场输入情形的海域场地非线性反应,结果表明线性自由场输入时反应不合理,自由场分析和场地分析应该采用相一致的本构模型. 然后,对比分析了海床分别为线性和非线性情形时,海域场地以及海水-海床-结构体系的反应特征. 与线性海床情形相比,非线性对海床反应的影响主要由如下两方面因素控制: 一方面,非线性导致饱和海床模量减小, 饱和海床与基岩间的波阻抗比减小,由基岩到饱和海床间的反射系数和透射系数增加, 导致反应增大; 另一方面,非线性导致阻尼加大, 使海床反应减小. 对于本文算例而言,阻尼对非线性海床结果的影响占主导作用.      

碳纤维复合材料的激光清洗等离子体光谱在线检测研究

近年来碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）由于性能优异，受到工业领域广泛关注。采用激光清洗技术预处理碳纤维复合材料表面的污染物和环氧树脂等杂质，有利于改善碳纤维复合材料表面性能，提高碳纤维复合材料胶接界面的结合强度。在线检测激光清洗过程，实时判断碳纤维复合材料的表面清洗质量，是保证激光清洗效果的关键环节，也是激光清洗装置自动化、集成化的核心技术。激光诱导等离子体光谱技术可以快速分析材料表面元素变化，实现在线检测激光清洗表面状态，在激光清洗领域有很广的应用前景。采用Nd∶YAG高能量脉冲激光器产生的1 064 nm激光在空气环境中诱导产生等离子体，利用改进型光栅光谱仪(ME5000)获取等离子体光谱，在线检测激光清洗碳纤维复合材料。研究外界空气环境对等离子体光谱检测结果的影响，发现350~700 nm波段的元素谱线可用于碳纤维复合材料表面物质成分分析；采用电子扫描显微镜观测的激光清洗表面形貌和X射线电子能谱仪测得的元素变化共同表征等离子体光谱检测的有效性，通过采集不同激光能量以及不同作用次数的等离子体光谱图，获得碳纤维复合材料表层树脂物质通过激光单次清洗干净的阈值，研究激光清洗质量与激光诱导等离子体谱线成分及其强度变化的关系。结果表明：在获取的激光诱导等离子体光谱中，光谱图中谱线波长在393.3 nm的S(Ⅱ)和589.5 nm的S(Ⅱ)谱线可有效在线表征碳纤维复合材料表面清洗质量；激光单次去除干净表面环氧树脂的阈值为10.68 mJ；低激光能量时需要清洗多次可以去除干净表面树脂；高激光能量时清洗单次可使表面树脂去除干净，多次清洗易造成基体损伤。实验结果为激光清洗碳纤维复合材料的智能集成化应用提供工艺依据和技术支持。     

梁-桩-土竖向耦合振动特性分析

针对桩与连续梁组合这一基础形式,研究了梁-桩-土竖向耦合振动特性. 首先,将桩假设为一维黏弹性杆件,采用平面应变模型模拟桩侧成层土对桩的动力作用. 同时,桩顶对梁的支撑简化为竖向点支撑. 然后,分别根据一维杆件纵向振动理论和Timoshenko梁理论给出桩和梁的竖向振动控制方程并求解,进而借助离散傅里叶逆变换获得在梁上瞬时激振下梁和土层以上桩段的时域响应半解析解. 通过与有限元模拟结果对比,验证了解的合理性. 在此基础上,讨论了梁几何参数和桩身缺陷对梁-桩-土竖向耦合振动特性的影响.     

On the modeling of fiber dispersion in fiber-reinforced elastic materials

When an isotropic material is subject to a uniaxial tension, the principal strain transverse to the direction of applied load is always negative. However, in fiber reinforced materials the transverse principal strain can change its sign as the load increases, passing through the zero-points, known as perversions. We investigate how the number of perversions in a material reinforced by two symmetrically aligned families of distributed fibers depends both on the degree of fiber dispersion and the model used for fiber dispersion. Angular integration and three variants of the generalized structure tensor approach are considered and discussed. The study of perversions clearly demonstrates the qualitative difference between these approaches in the case of high dispersion of fibers. The results suggest that this difference is primarily due to the way compressive fibers are modeled.     

Modification of Polylactide Nonwovens with Carbon Nanotubes and Ladder Poly(silsesquioxane)

Electrospun nonwovens of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and linear ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) with methoxycarbonyl side groups (LPSQ-COOMe) were obtained. MWCNT and LPSQ-COOMe were added to the polymer solution before the electrospinning. In addition, nonwovens of PLLA grafted to modified MWCNT were electrospun. All modified nonwovens exhibited higher tensile strength than the neat PLA nonwoven. The addition of 10 wt.% of LPSQ-COOMe and 0.1 wt.% of MWCNT to PLLA increased the tensile strength of the nonwovens 2.4 times, improving also the elongation at the maximum stress.     

基于SVM的固化土无侧限抗压强度模型

为实现较少试验次数下固化土无侧限抗压强度(qu)的准确预测, 提出了基于支持向量机(SVM)的固化土qu的预测模型. 以固化剂各组分掺入比、龄期、初始含水量、固化剂掺量等因素为输入量, 固化土的qu作为输出量, 以径向基为核函数, 采用网格搜索法和交叉验证法进行参数优化, 建立了基于SVM的固化土qu的预测模型. 算例分析表明: 该模型适用于任意条件下固化土qu的精确预测, 且在较小试验成本下实现与响应面法相当的预测精度.