Experimental study of the cavitation noise and vibration induced by the choked flow in a Venturi reactor

In this paper, the cavitation performance and corresponding pressure pulsation, noise and vibration induced by the choked cavitating flow in a Venturi reactor are investigated experimentally under different cavitation conditions by using high-speed camera and high frequency sensors. Based on the instantaneous continuous cavitation images, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), a tool to analyze the large-scale cavitation flow structure, is applied to investigate the choked cavitating flow dynamics. The POD results show that two mechanisms, re-entrant jet flow mechanism and shock wave mechanism, govern the shedding and collapse of cavitation cloud at different pressure ratios. These mechanisms contribute to the variation of pressure pulsation, noise and vibration at different pressure ratios. The pressure pulsation spectrum behaves differently in various cavitation regions induced by the choked cavitating flow. Due to the existence of low pressure in re-entrant region, the influence of high frequency fluctuation on pressure pulsation caused by re-entrant flow is small. Moreover, with the increase of pressure ratio, the induced noise and vibration intensity decreases gradually, then increases and reaches a maximum value. Finally, it drops to a low and stable level. Despite different inlet pressures, the intensity of cavitation noise and vibration reaches the maximum value at the same pressure ratio. Specifically, the FFT analysis of noise and vibration signals indicates that low frequency component prevails at small pressure ratio owing to the re-entrant jet mechanism, while high frequency component prevails at large pressure ratio owing to the shock wave mechanism. The relationship between the choked cavitation dynamics and the induced pressure pulsation, noise and vibration in the Venturi reactor is highlighted. The results can provide guidance for the optimal operation condition of the Venturi reactor for cavitation applications such as water treatment.     

Analytical and numerical studies for Seiches in a closed basin with bottom friction

A standing wave oscillation in a closed basin, known as a seiche, could cause destruction when its period matches the period of another wave generated by external forces such as wind, quakes, or abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure. It is due to the resonance phenomena that allow waves to have higher amplitude and greater energy, resulting in damages around the area. One condition that might restrict the resonance from occurring is when the bottom friction is present. Therefore, a modified mathematical model based on the shallow water equations will be used in this paper to investigate resonance phenomena in closed basins and to analyze the effects of bottom friction on the phenomena. The study will be conducted for several closed basin shapes. The model will be solved analytically and numerically in order to determine the natural resonant period of the basin, which is the period that can generate a resonance. The computational scheme proposed to solve the model is developed using the staggered grid finite volume method. The numerical scheme will be validated by comparing its results with the analytical solutions. As a result of the comparison, a rather excellent compatibility between the two results is achieved. Furthermore, the impacts that the friction coefficient has on the resonance phenomena are evaluated. It is observed that in the prevention of resonances, the bottom friction provides the best performance in the rectangular type while functioning the least efficient in the triangular basin. In addition, non-linearity effect as one of other factors that provide wave restriction is also considered and studied to compare its effect with the bottom friction effect on preventing resonance.     

SWEIA艾滋病毒传染模型及应用

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是一种严重威胁生命的病毒,感染艾滋病毒患者一般经历四个阶段:i)艾滋病毒阴性的窗口期(W);ii)阳性的无症状潜伏期(E);iii)有症状期(Ⅰ);以及iv)移除阶段(A).为深入研究艾滋病传播过程,建立SWEIA艾滋病毒传染模型,定义基本再生数,分析无病与地方病平衡点的存在性和局部稳定性,根据2004至2015年中国艾滋病患者数据,采用遗传算法对SWEIA模型中参数进行估计.通过对基本再生数敏感性分析以及模型数值随参数不同而产生的变化,揭示艾滋病窗口期的接触率是影响艾滋病流行的主要原因之一.     

引力波探测中的被动隔振系统

介绍了引力波探测实验中的被动隔振系统的基本原理和研究现状，讨论其性能及特点.低频被动隔振系统，如七级气体弹簧隔振系统，多级隔振堆，四级悬臂弹簧隔振系统以及三级弯曲弹簧隔振系统在10Hz以上，都具有好的隔振性能；倒摆、折叠摆、 X摆和锥摆等超低频水平隔振系统实现了几十秒的共振周期；建立在对称扭杆弹簧系统基础上，构思新颖的被动垂直隔振系统克服了传统被动垂直隔振系统无法解决的困难，实现了超低频被动垂直隔振.     

高性能固化剂在天津软弱地基加固的应用

通过对高性能 (AS系列 )固化剂与水泥的对比试验 ,研究其在天津软弱地基加固中适用性和优越性 ,并得出一套实用的固化剂加固软土地基的施工设计参数     

开区注氮采空区自燃温度场的数值模拟研究

为了研究开区注氮采空区遗煤自燃和被抑制的力学过程，用非均质多孔介质中的渗流连续性方程、气体弥散方程和综合传热方程的联立，建立了采空区注氮非定常数值模型．结合实例，用迎风格式有限元方法求解．给出了采空区的漏风流态、氮气流态，描绘了采空区自燃过程中氧、CO浓度和温度分布的变化过程．计算考虑了瓦斯涌出和工作面推进的影响．得到注氮条件下采空区高温区形状变窄；随着注氮量的提高，使自然发火期逐渐变长，直至不自燃．理论计算与实际情况吻合．     

轴对称空泡流的脉动性态研究

本文采用高速摄影技术对定常来流中１／４平头轴对称体的不稳定的空泡形态特征进行了水洞试验研究。试验结果揭示了由于空泡形态断裂而产生的低频脉动现象，这一现象在跨空泡流情况下尤为明显，常使空泡长度和厚度在大幅范围内拟周期地变动，其频率特性比较稳定，有别于空泡末端局部泡团脱落而产生的脉动。     

油水两相渗流压力脉动的实验及数值分析

本文用高精度的压差传感器和高速度的数据采集设备同时测量出油水两相流体在多孔介质流动时产生的较大压力降和微小压力脉动,应用自行研制的大型数据处理软件对恒流速水驱油的两相渗流压力脉动实验数据进行了分析,发现不同阶段压力脉动具有明显的频谱特性和时间相关特性的不同,在第三阶段（油为主,水增加阶段）谱能增加最大,时间正相关程度最强。     

弹性屈曲梁在参数激励下的倍周期分叉

考虑一端具有干摩擦的屈曲梁在轴向激励下的非线性振动系统，利用Ｆｌｏｑｕｅｔ理论和谐波平衡法，研究了系统中初始屈曲度、阻尼、频率、激励振幅等各种物理参数对１／２业谐共振情况下倍周期分叉的影响，其规律与以往的数值模拟结果具有很好的一致性。