Radiation damage in polymer films from grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering measurements

Grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering (GIXS) is widely used to analyze the crystallinity and nanoscale structure in thin polymer films. However, ionizing radiation will generate free radicals that initiate crosslinking and/or chain scission, and structural damage will impact the ordering kinetics, thermodynamics, and crystallinity in many polymers. We report a simple methodology to screen for beam damage that is based on lithographic principles: films are exposed to patterns of X‐ray radiation, and changes in polymer structure are revealed by immersing the film in a solvent that dissolves the shortest chains. The experiments are implemented with high throughput using the standard beam line instrumentation and a typical GIXS configuration. The extent of damage (at a fixed radiation dose) depends on a range of intrinsic material properties and experimental variables, including the polymer chemistry and molecular weight, exposure environment, film thickness, and angle of incidence. The solubility switch for common polymers is detected within 10–60 s at ambient temperature, and we verified that this first indication of damage corresponds with the onset of network formation in glassy polystyrene and a loss of crystallinity in polyalkylthiophenes. Therefore, grazing‐incidence X‐ray “patterning” offers an efficient approach to determine the appropriate data acquisition times for any GIXS experiment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1074–1086     

具有非线性传染率和时滞的随机SIQR计算机病毒模型的渐近行为

研究了一类具有非线性发生率和时滞的随机SIQR计算机病毒模型.首先证明了该系统具有唯一的全局正解,然后通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数并利用伊藤公式,分析了该模型的解在无病平衡点附近及地方病平衡点附近的渐近行为,最后通过数值模拟对随机系统解的渐近行为做了进一步的分析并给出了结论.     

基于斜向背散射偏振拉曼光谱的{100}c-Si面内应力分析

复杂应力状态下应力分量的解耦分析对半导体的设计和制造具有重要意义。本文开展了方法学研究,首先建立了{100}晶面族单晶硅面内应力分量解耦分析模型,基于该模型,通过改变入射光和散射光的几何构型和偏振构型,可得到单晶硅拉曼频移与应力分量的解析关系。在此基础上,提出了一种利用斜向背散射偏振拉曼光谱在不同倾角、偏振方向和样品旋转角度下开展原位拉曼探测实现应力分量解耦分析的实用技术。本文通过实验验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。     

基于色谱–光谱联用和斜投影法分析丹皮酚含量

将色谱–光谱仪联用(HPLC–UV)法与斜投影法结合,建立了丹皮酚含量快速分析方法。通过色谱–光谱联用采集丹皮酚结晶母液的紫外多波长光谱三维数据,构建不含丹皮酚的背景数据库以及丹皮酚光谱数据库,基于斜投影法步骤测定了批量样本中丹皮酚含量。结果表明:该方法计算结果和高效液相色谱分析结果接近,相对误差小于5.0%。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.4%~1.0%(n=5),回收率为98.8%~101.3%。该方法快速、准确,操作简单,可为丹皮酚结晶产品及各种制剂质量控制提供可行方案。     

高维线性插值方法及其在3维温度场计算中的应用

通过分析1维和2维线性插值可以推导出任意斜角直线坐标系下n维线性插值的一般计算公式以及有唯一解的条件,这一结论能够应用于三维温度场计算。可以将n维插值问题归结如下:已知n 1维空间中的n 1个点的坐标以及第n 2个点的n个坐标分量xn 2,1,x n 2,2,,xn 2,n,求解该点的第n 1个坐标分量xn 2,n 1。根据线性插值定义,第n 2个点位于前n 1个点所确定的n维超平面上。根据这一条件列写方程、求解方程可得到插值xn 2,n 1。n维插值问题有唯一解的条件是已知的n 1个点在n维空间中构成的多面体的体积不为0。推导过程在斜角直线坐标系中完成,因而结论具有较大普适性。     

两斜交圆柱壳应力分析的边界元法

本文研究了两斜交圆柱壳的边界元法。提出了用板的基本解叠加级数形式的修正项构成圆柱壳的基本解,提高了计算精度,缩短了计算时间。对区域积分进行特殊处理,从而避免了内部网格的划分,大大减少了数据准备工作量和占机内存。并编制了FORTRAN计算程序,进行了数值计算。     

The Onset of Convection in an Inclined Anisotropic Porous Layer with Oblique Principle Axes

We consider the onset of convection in an inclined anisotropic porous layer heated from below. To date the principle axes of the permeability and diffusivity tensors have been assumed to be aligned with the coordinate directions. Therefore particular emphasis is laid upon how the basic flow and criteria for the onset of convection are altered by the presence of oblique principle axes. When these axes are not aligned with the coordinate directions and when the ratios of the principle permeabilities or diffusivities are not too large or too small, we find that there is always a smooth transition in the orientation of the most dangerous mode of instability as the inclination increases from the horizontal. In more extreme cases there may be sudden changes in the orientation, Darcy–Rayleigh number and wavenumber.     

石油钻机盘式刹车副材料筛选的灰色关联分析

在对 6种刹车盘和 2种刹车块材料组成的摩擦副进行变温摩擦磨损试验的基础上 ,将灰色关联法引入刹车副材料的筛选 ;在综合分析刹车副材料各性能指标的基础上 ,将待筛选的刹车副材料的摩擦学性能用灰色关联度进行量化 ;通过比较各刹车副关联度大小 ,用定量排序法对各刹车副材料的性能作出综合评价 ,从而筛选出性能优良的刹车副摩擦材料 .结果表明 ,B堆焊材料是最优的刹车盘材料 ,K2 刹车块材料可作为最优的刹车块材料 ,刹车副 P2 0 ,B/ K2 、P3 5,B/ K2 为筛选出的最优刹车副材料