Monitoring real-time curing of epoxies in situ using single-sided NMR

Adhesively bonded joints using epoxy are widely used in aircraft and aerospace structures. Quality control and defect detection during epoxy curing in such applications is critical. We used single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to nondestructively probe and spatially resolve the change in the characteristic NMR relaxation time (T₂) of epoxies during curing on a substrate. Time-dependent T₂ values were fit to a Weibull function to model temporal changes in the NMR measurables. Our results demonstrate that the reduction in molecular mobility of various epoxy/curing agent mixtures occurs more rapidly at the interface than in the bulk. Further use of single-sided NMR to acquire spatially resolved T₂ data will provide a route for elucidatory epoxy curing studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 616–623     

Perturbation Formula for Phase Velocity of Rayleigh Waves in Prestressed Anisotropic Media

Herein we consider Rayleigh waves propagating along the free surface of a macroscopically homogeneous, anisotropic, prestressed half-space. We adopt the formulation of linear elasticity with initial stress and assume that the deviation of the prestressed anisotropic medium from a comparative ‘unperturbed’, unstressed and isotropic state, as formally caused by the initial stress and by the anisotropic part of the incremental elasticity tensor, be small. No assumption, however, is made on the material anisotropy of the incremental elasticity tensor. With the help of the Stroh formalism, we derive a first-order perturbation formula for the shift of phase velocity of Rayleigh waves from its comparative isotropic value. Our perturbation formula does not agree totally with that which was derived some years ago by Delsanto and Clark, and we provide another argument as further support for our version of the formula. According to our first-order formula, the anisotropy-induced velocity shifts of Rayleigh waves, taken in totality of all propagation directions on the free surface, carry information only on 13 elastic constants of the anisotropic part of the incremental elasticity tensor. The remaining eight elastic constants are those which would become zero if were monoclinic with the two-fold symmetry axis normal to the free surface of the material half-space in question.     

条形平板中裂纹识别的遗传算法

研究条形平板中平行于上下边界的单一裂纹的识别问题。给出了当一声波入射这一条形平板时，裂纹参数与反射、透射系数之间的关系式，并应用遗传算法对裂纹进行了定量识别。计算结果表明本文给出的方法具有较好的识别精度。     

红外无损探测中多宗量多热源反演问题的研究

为研究红外无损探测稳态多热源反演逆问题, 建立不同形状的均质与非均质稳态热传导模型, 其中内热源个数、位置、强度、面积均为未知项. 基于数值算法中有限元算法对模型进行离散分析, 化简有限元矩阵方程, 最终转化为对Ax = b高度欠定方程的求解. 首次利用分段多项式谱截断奇异值分解法处理内热源逆问题, 并对算法进行改进, 有效改善了该算法在处理多热源反演时存在的严重的热源叠加效应. 根据反演出的内热源信息, 利用有限元算法计算重构出整个模型内所有节点的温度分布. 运用数值仿真Comsol软件和具体实物实验对算法进行有效性评估, 并验证算法在不同热传导模型中的表现. 结果表明, 算法能够准确反演出多热源各参量信息, 在非均质材料模型中仍能准确地反演出热源项, 并有效重构出模型内温度场. 该算法可应用于材料无损检测及人体红外医学成像等领域.     

Additive-subtractive phase-modulated shearography with synchronized acoustic stressing

A robust electronic shearography technique is described that is immune to ambinet noise. In this technique, additive speckle-interference images containing information about the same two states of deformation of a test object undergoing acoustic stressing are acquired in each video frame. When a spatially nonuniform phase modulation is introduced in every other frame during the video sequence (using a tilting mirror) and the additive interference images are subtracted sequentially using a real-time image processor, the self-interference component of sheared-speckle interference pattern is removed. The susceptibility of this method to environmental noise caused by induced thermal noise and low frequency vibration is demonstrated to be lower than that of conventional substractive shearography methods; fringe visibility and contrast are significantly improved as well. The ability of this technique to work in a turbulent environment is demonstrated, and application to detection of structural defects in adhesively bonded structures, a problem of interest in nondestructive evaluation of structures, is shown.     

磁粉法检测表面裂纹概率曲线的测定

本文介绍了利用实物零件测定裂纹检出概率的方法，并作出了用磁粉法检测表面裂纹的检测概率曲线，为大型构件检测周期的确定提供了可靠数据，为结构损伤容限设计，可靠性设计提供了重要的依据。     

Trapped particle detection in bonded semiconductors using gray-field photoelastic imaging

In this paper we present inspection results from several bonded wafer systems using a newly developed infrared gray-field polariscope (IR-GFP). This device measures the residual stress-fields associated with defects trapped at the bonded interface to enable the detection of subwavelength defects. Results from IR-GFP imaging are contrasted with conventional infrared transmission (IRT) imaging of the same samples, showing marked improvements in defect detection as well as the ability to quantify the residual stress fields. This inspection method reveals that interfaces deemed defect-free using IRT imaging may be, in fact, teeming with defects.     

低碳钢塑性变形量磁评定法研究

针对塑性变形量评定的局限问题,基于铁磁材料塑性变形致位错在不同方向分布不同的现象,研究了磁测法在定量评定低碳钢塑性变形量方面的应用前景。实验以工程中常用的低碳钢Q195钢板为测试材料,制作了形状尺寸一致的一批试件,并对其进行了不同程度的塑性变形量加载。通过搭建的磁化检测系统,采用相同强度及频率的正弦波激励,对所有样品进行了不同方向的磁化;同时经线圈及隧道磁敏电阻(TMR)采集了每次磁化的磁化曲线,提取了磁化曲线特征参数,对比了其与塑性变形量的定量关系。结果表明:随着塑性变形量的增加,铁磁钢材在同一磁场强度下产生的磁感应强度也会变大;沿主塑性变形方向磁化时,磁滞消耗能量最少,沿主塑性变形垂直方向磁化时,磁滞消耗的能量最多;磁路内磁场在主塑性变形方向上对塑变量的变化最敏感,而磁路外磁场在主塑变垂直方向上对塑变量的变化最敏感。实现了铁磁材料磁特征参数与塑性变形量的定量关联。本研究为开发简捷的铁磁材料塑性变形量无损评定磁方法奠定了基础。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法分析软饮料中的阿斯巴甜

应用超声技术辅助预处理,以纳米银为活性基底,在溶液pH 5.0、纳米银与阿斯巴甜(APM)混合比例1∶1、混合温度30℃、加热时间6 min的条件下,利用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)结合化学计量法对纯品及软饮料中APM进行定量检测。结果表明:APM在0.5～100 mg/L范围内线性关系较好,其中水标准溶液的相关系数为0.993 3,检出限(LOD)为0.41 mg/L,苏打水、雪碧、可乐、芬达等标准溶液的相关系数为0.974 7～0.984 8,加标平均回收率为88.4%～121%,相对标准偏差小于7%。运用SERS检测软饮料中APM具有分析速度快、无损、环境污染小等优点,适用于食品中阿斯巴甜的定量分析,为食品添加剂的进一步表征和检测建立了依据,显示了SERS技术在化学物质检测领域具有巨大潜力。     

哈佛大学有效提升物理教学质量的举措分析

深入探讨了哈佛大学提升物理课程教学质量的举措,诸如卓越的教学方法、全面的教师培养、科学的教学指导、高效的教学评价等.哈佛大学的这些全面、细致、具体、实用的举措对我国大学物理教学质量的提升具有一定的借鉴意义.