基于DIS数字信息化系统对透光物质透光性能的研究

采用DIS数字信息化系统,对不同浓度的蓝墨水溶液在激光光源照射下的透射平均照度及照度分布图像进行实验研究,得到了平均照度值随溶液浓度变化的规律。对不同颜色塑料膜片对白炽灯光源透过照度值及照度分布图像进行实验研究得到及其相关之规律。     

Improved operator comfort and off-road capability through pendulum arm technology

The Nordic forest industry requires just-in-time wood deliveries. Operations must continue regardless of season, weather and terrain. Soil compaction and deep ruts must be avoided while providing high performance and a reasonable working environment for operators.The Xt28 pendulum arm forwarder is a full-size concept forwarder with six hydrostatic propelled wheels on pendulum arms built on a three-piece frame connected with two articulation joints. The Xt28 concept machine was tested according to Skogforsk standard machine tests. Rut depth test focused on soil interaction where rut depth was measured related to number of passes. Machine dynamics were measured using standardized test track with focus on operator comfort.The project proved the potential of pendulum arm technology in off-road transportation. Automatic pendulum arm levelling, equalized ground pressure between wheels and improved operator comfort through reducing adverse vibrations and roll angles, simultaneously reducing dynamic forces transferred to the forest floor. Pendulum arm technology improves travel speed in adverse terrain, providing unparalleled side slope capability and enhanced productivity.     

琅琊山景区不同叶绿素条件下树种叶片光谱差异分析

叶绿素含量高低反映植物健康状况，研究景区树种叶片叶绿素绝对值(SPAD)不同的光谱变化规律能为叶绿素高光谱监测波段识别与景区树种管理提供理论支撑。从琅琊山景区灌木和乔木类选取9个常见树种，探讨相同树种叶片SPAD值变化时的光谱差异，同时，横向对比相同SPAD值不同树种叶片的光谱特征，并深入分析不同树种叶片SPAD值与单波段原始光谱、光谱倒数、一阶微分、二阶微分及波段组合差值指数、归一化指数、比值指数、一阶微分归一化指数、一阶微分比值指数之间的关系。结果表明：9个所测树种叶片随着叶绿素SPAD值的升高，光谱变化规律各不相同，在可见光波段区分明显，总体上，光谱反射率最高的样本组SPAD值较低；叶绿素SPAD值相同时，在可见光波段，桂花较其余树种反射率整体较高; 在780~1 350 nm波段，广玉兰叶片反射率始终排前三，其余波段变化规律不明显；原始光谱反射率的二阶微分与海桐叶片SPAD值相关系数最大，一阶微分与其余8种相关性最高；与灌木、落叶乔木叶片SPAD值相关系数最大的光谱指数分别为差值指数、一阶微分归一化指数，与常绿乔木、不分树种相关系数最大的为一阶微分比值指数。     

固体热导率测量仪的新发现

实验通过稳态法使用TC-3型固体热导率测定仪[1,9]的测量方法改变来测量海洋大气热导率,结构简单,误差更小,一机多用.通过改变加热铜盘A与散热铜盘B之间的距离,探究距离对大气热导率的影响,并与教材中介绍的气体热导率测定仪测量的大气热导率进行比较.     

超声波燃气表矩形流道的雷诺修正系数仿真研究

在超声波流量计测量技术中, 雷诺修正系数相关的研究对于提高计量精度有重要作用. 为研究矩形流道的雷诺修正系数与雷诺数的关系, 对矩形流道在常温常压流量较小情况下进行仿真, 结果发现: 矩形流道层流状态下的雷诺修正系数与雷诺数呈线性相关. 保持压强、体积流量不变, 在不同温度下进行仿真及拟合, 结果表明: 在不同温度下雷诺修正系数与雷诺数的线性关系依然满足. 在上述实验基础上, 对矩形流道湍流状态下的雷诺修正系数与雷诺数关系进行研究, 通过改变温度、压强和体积流量进行仿真及拟合发现, 矩形流道湍流状态下雷诺修正系数与雷诺数呈非线性相关.     

用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统的校准方法

为了实现对用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的快速准确定标,通过测量标准散射体不同散射角的散射系数,实现对标准散射体不同散射角所模拟的大气能见度进行准确定标并对定标系统进行校准.根据定标系统的组成与工作原理,确定定标系统的校准方法并建立相应的校准链,并设计校准链的各组成部分的校准方法.通过对已知散射系数的标准散射体进行定标,验证校准后定标系统定标结果的准确性,进而验证了定标系统校准方法的正确性.实验结果证明:定标系统对标准散射体的散射系数定标结果的误差为7.93%;经由定标系统定标的标准散射体所模拟的大气能见度的最大误差为8.61%,满足用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的使用要求.     

用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统中光学系统的设计

为了实现校准能见度仪中标准散射体的快速准确定标,建立了用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体的定标系统.研究了定标系统中全景成像折反光学系统的设计方法.根据抛物面反射镜的光学特性推导出抛物面面型的计算方法.根据定标系统对光学系统的要求,完成全景成像色度计光学系统的设计.对全景成像折反光学系统进行建模仿真并设计实验验证光学系统的设计与仿真结果的正确性.实验结果表明:全景成像折反光学系统的空间检测俯仰角范围为0°~90°,方位角范围为0°~360°,且最小角分辨率为1°,与仿真结果基本一致,满足用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统中光学系统的设计要求.     

Measurement of microchannel fluidic resistance with a standard voltage meter

A simplified method for measuring the fluidic resistance (R_fluidic) of microfluidic channels is presented, in which the electrical resistance (R_elec) of a channel filled with a conductivity standard solution can be measured and directly correlated to R_fluidic using a simple equation. Although a slight correction factor could be applied in this system to improve accuracy, results showed that a standard voltage meter could be used without calibration to determine R_fluidic to within 12% error. Results accurate to within 2% were obtained when a geometric correction factor was applied using these particular channels. When compared to standard flow rate measurements, such as meniscus tracking in outlet tubing, this approach provided a more straightforward alternative and resulted in lower measurement error. The method was validated using 9 different fluidic resistance values (from ∼40 to 600 kPa s mm⁻³) and over 30 separately fabricated microfluidic devices. Furthermore, since the method is analogous to resistance measurements with a voltage meter in electrical circuits, dynamic R_fluidic measurements were possible in more complex microfluidic designs. Microchannel R_elec was shown to dynamically mimic pressure waveforms applied to a membrane in a variable microfluidic resistor. The variable resistor was then used to dynamically control aqueous-in-oil droplet sizes and spacing, providing a unique and convenient control system for droplet-generating devices. This conductivity-based method for fluidic resistance measurement is thus a useful tool for static or real-time characterization of microfluidic systems.     

pH计检定仪期间核查方法

介绍pH计检定仪的4种期间核查方法:传递比较法、多台对比法、留样测量法、实验室间比对法。传递比较法能直接反应pH计检定仪的变化,适用于已建立pH计检定仪检定装置的单位;多台对比法与留样测量法方便、快捷,可操作性强,适合大多数单位进行pH计检定仪的期间核查;实验室间比对法对设备要求较低,但需要协调的单位较多,周期较长,费用较高,实用性差。     

Dual-modality and dual-energy gamma ray densitometry of petroleum products using an artificial neural network

The prediction of volume fractions in order to measure the multiphase flow rate is a very important issue and is the key parameter of multi-phase flow meters (MPFMs). Currently, the gamma ray attenuation technique is known as one of the most precise methods for obtaining volume fractions. The gamma ray attenuation technique is based on the mass attenuation coefficient, which is sensitive to density changes; density is sensitive in turn to temperature and pressure fluctuations. Therefore, MPFM efficiency depends strongly on environmental conditions. The conventional solution to this problem is the periodical recalibration of MPFMs, which is a demanding task. In this study, a method based on dual-modality densitometry and artificial intelligence (AI) is presented, which offers the advantage of the measurement of the oil–gas–water volume fractions independent of density changes. For this purpose, several experiments were carried out and used to validate simulated dual modality densitometry results. The reference density point was established at a temperature of 20 °C and pressure of 1 bar. To cover the full range of likely density fluctuations, four additional density sets were defined (at changes of ±4% and ±8% from the reference point). An annular regime with different percentages of oil, gas and water at different densities was simulated. Four features were extracted from the transmission and scattered detectors and were applied to the artificial neural network (ANN) as inputs. The input parameters included the ²⁴¹Am full energy peak, ¹³⁷Cs Compton edge, ¹³⁷Cs full energy peak and total scattered count, and the outputs were the oil and air percentages. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network was used to predict the volume fraction independent of the oil and water density changes. The obtained results show that the proposed ANN model achieved good agreement with the real data, with an estimated root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 3.