电絮凝-O3联合工艺处理页岩气压裂采出水

通过研究比较不同处理工艺对页岩气压裂采出水的效果,设计出电絮凝-O_3联合处理采出水的工艺。以化学需氧量(COD)、总悬浮物(TSS)为指标,讨论电絮凝-O_3联合工艺处理页岩气压裂采出水过程中pH、电流密度、电极间距、电解时间以及O_3通气量的影响。结果表明,当pH=8. 0、电流密度为1250A/m~2、极板间距为2cm、电解时间6min、O_3通气量为40L/h时,COD去除率为98. 3%,TSS的去除率为95. 9%,经过电絮凝-O_3联合处理后的采出水的色度、浊度、oil及NH_4-N等污染指标都达到了国家排放标准。     

The effect of crystallization behavior on high conductivity,enhanced mechanism and thermal stability of poly(ε-caprolactone)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites filled by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which was non-covalently modified by the combined surfactants of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (PSS-CTAB) were fabricated via simple solution precipitation method. PCL/MWCNTs composites provided with the low procolation threshold (0.4?wt%) and high electrical conductivity due to good dispersion of MWCNTs. And the excellent mechanical properties and enhanced thermal stability were also obtained with the addition of modified MWCNTs. In addition, all PCL composites showed significantly enhanced crystallization with increasing the MWCNTs contents, which demonstrated that the MWCNT-induced crystallization of PCL could effectively regulate the properties of composites. In a word, introducing non-covalent functionalized MWCNTs in the polymer system was a promising way for developing excellent conductive composites.     

In vitro antioxidant/prooxidant effects of combined use of flavonoids

The present study was undertaken to investigate the individual and combined antioxidant or prooxidant effects of genistein, daidzein and quercetin in human erythrocytes and rat microsomes in vitro. Their reducing potential against oxidation of a redox sensitive fluorescent probe, their protective effect against H₂O₂-induced membrane lipid peroxidation and their inhibitory effect on AAPH-induced hemolysis were evaluated. Genistein and daidzein were prooxidant in erythrocytes but antioxidant in microsomes where their metabolites might have been formed which suggests the importance of metabolic capacity in in vitro models to predict the physiological situation. Quercetin showed antioxidant effects in all models and conditions. Prooxidant effect of ‘genistein–daidzein mixture’, at their concentrations reflecting the real life, was suppressed by addition of quercetin to the mixture. Our study shows that flavonoids can exert prooxidant effects depending on the conditions, but the mixture effect should be considered while assessing their effects and safety in humans.     

组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱偏压力学性能试验研究

设计了一种由槽钢和方形钢管拼焊形成的组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱,将其灵活地布置在框架结构的中节点,可使柱肢与填充墙等厚,有效地提高建筑使用面积。共制作了6根组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱试件,考虑了偏心距和长细比两种变化参数。通过对其进行偏心受压试验研究,考察了试件的破坏形态和荷载-挠度曲线,并分析了其在不同偏心距和长细比下的荷载-应变曲线发展规律。结果表明:组合式十字形钢管混凝土柱中钢管和槽钢对混凝土的约束作用强,表现为较高的延性系数;偏心距或长细比越大,试件的极限承载力及弹性刚度越小,且偏心距越大延性越好,长细比对延性影响不显著;在受拉侧纵向应变基本上符合平截面假定,在受压侧纵向应变不符合平截面假定。     

Acoustoelastic effect simulation by time–space finite element formulation based on quadratic interpolation of the acceleration

Acoustoelastic effect describes the change of ultrasound velocity due to the initial stress. Its simulation involves a numerical analysis of nonlinear elastodynamics and requires high accuracy in the time domain. A time–space finite element formulation, derived from the quadratic interpolation of the acceleration within a time segment, is proposed for an accurate simulation of the acoustoelastic effect in the present study. Ten different integration schemes are generated based on this formulation and nine of them are found to be conditionally stable. Among the nine stable schemes, one is found to obtain a spectral radius of one when the normalized step ratio is less than 5.477, indicating no numerical dissipation or numerical divergence. Compared with integration schemes from previous studies, this integration scheme demonstrates better performance in calculation accuracy and energy conservation. A two-stage approach, namely the static stage and the dynamic stage, has been employed in the simulation of the acoustoelastic effect. The former stage is adopted to obtain the initial stress and the latter stage, where the proposed integration scheme is implemented, is adopted to simulate the ultrasound propagation in an initial stress state. The simulation results of the dynamic stage show that the ultrasound velocity increases in a compression stress state and decreases in a tension stress state for aluminum alloy, which is in good agreement with previous experimental studies. Together with the simulation result of the static stage, it is conjectured that the acoustoelastic effect results from the stress-dependent elastic modulus.     

Morris-Lecar系统中通道噪声诱导的自发性动作电位研究

在生物物理学中, 越来越多的现象是由于分段确定性的动力系统与连续时间马氏过程之间的耦合作用而产生的. 因为这种耦合性, 相关的数学模型更适合取为随机混合系统而不是扩散过程(基于It?随机微分方程). 本文从理论上和数值上研究了在弱噪声条件下无鞍点状态的随机混合Morris-Lecar系统中, 由通道噪声诱导的自发性放电现象. 一个动作电位的初始阶段可视为噪声诱导的逃逸事件, 其最优路径和拟势可由辅助Hamilton系统给出. 由于系统不存在鞍点, 因此可选择虚拟分界线(ghost separatrix)为阈值, 研究噪声诱导的自静息态的逃逸事件. 通过计算在阈值处的拟势, 便可发现其值有一个明显的最小值, 其作用类似于鞍点. 通过改进的Monte Carlo模拟方法, 计算了历程概率分布, 其结果对初始阶段和兴奋阶段的理论解均给出了验证. 此外, 基于前人将拟势等高线作为阈值的另一种选择, 我们对两种阈值取法的优劣性进行了比较. 最后, 本文研究了钠离子和钾离子通道噪声的不同组合对最优路径和拟势的影响. 结果表明: 钾离子通道噪声在自发性放电过程中起主导作用, 且两种噪声强度存在一个最优比例能使总的噪声强度达到最小.      

采用组合引导磁场的多注二极管设计

分析了采用单一同轴磁场时强流相对论多注阴极的侧端发射问题,研究了在不同磁场内半径和多注漂移管长度情况下多注电子束的传输效率。研究发现:由于引导磁场尺寸有限,高压下多注阴极杆及多注阴极柱的电子束发射是影响多注电子束传输效率的主要因素,且该部分电子束对多注漂移管入口管壁的轰击直接影响了多注速调管的重频能力。设计了采用永磁铁和同轴磁场组合工作的强流相对论多注二极管,理论分析和模拟计算证明:基于组合磁场的多注二极管可明显减弱甚至抑制多注阴极发射球头以外的电子束发射,并且组合磁场的磁场位形和强度可满足强流相对论多注电子束的高效、稳定传输。