固体中微裂纹系统统计演化的基本描述

本文建议了一种在外界载荷作用下,在固体中产生的微损伤的统计演化的理论描述方法。特别是,作为一个例子,讨论了理想微裂纹系统,以便了解在微裂纹成核和扩展过程中,损伤演化的基本行为。本文也简单讨论了有关的平均损伤函数。     

复合材料单层板损伤分析

研究了复合材料单层板在远场均匀拉应力作用下，基体中微裂纹损伤，利用Ⅰ、Ⅱ型复合裂纹应力强度因子，分析了沿裂纹面的拉伸型损伤变量和剪切型损伤变量，应用能量释放率的概念建立了损伤条件下的应力应变关系，并给出了正交各向异性单向层板在损伤条件下的有效偏轴柔度系数计算公式。通过算例分析可知，由于复合材料单层板中微裂纹的存在，有效偏轴柔度系数S‘11和S‘61增大，而S‘21减小。     

MMC分维数测定与非线性动力过程分析

对MMC微裂纹分布的SEM照片连续地变换网格尺度,求得了MMC微裂纹分布的自相似分形维数,D=1．56．对大塑性变形后MMC分形重建后的σ(t)时间序列进行了非线性动力学过程分析,找到了相空间吸引子积分关联函数,确定了该MMC微裂纹演化存在吸引子,其分形关联维数值1．48与实验测得自相似分形维数值1．56接近。     

岩石裂纹演化及其力学特性的研究进展

综述评介了岩石裂纹（缺陷）演化及其力学特性研究的近期进展．其内容包括：微细观裂纹演化及其力学特性,时间相关性,裂纹扩展与岩石破坏,并结合某些工程问题进行了讨论．     

UV photodegradation of polypropylene thick bars containing rutile-type TiO2 nanorods

Surface modified rutile-type titanium dioxide （CST） nanorods were used as a UV absorber in polypropylene （PP） thick bars in combination with the hindered amine light stabilizer （HALS） Chimassorb 944 （C944）. For all of the tested samples, the photodegradation was mainly limited in the region near the exposed surface, as proved by the carbonyl index and molecular weight. Compared with the typical HALS photostabilization system containing organic hindered phenol UV absorber Tinuvin~ 328 （T328）, the thickness of photodegradation region for PP/C944/CST was only a quarter to that for PP/C944 and PP/C944/T328, while the rates of reduction in molecular weight and increase in carbonyl index were much lower. Optical microscopic observation showed that the evolution of surface micro-cracks in PP/C944/CST was quite different from that in the other samples, while scanning electronic micrographs revealed that the depth of the micro-cracks in PP/C944/CST was much shorter than that in the others. It is therefore concluded that the protection of CST on PP thick bars is mainly attributed to the outstanding UV-shielding and cracks-blocking abilities.     

Formulation of statistical evolution of microcracks in solids

The paper presents a principal formulation of statistical evolution of microcracks, occurring in solids, subjected to external loading. In particular, the concept of ideal microcracks is elaborated, in order to describe the fundamental features of damage resulting from nucleation and extension of microcracks. Relevant average damage functions are also discussed. The project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

升温热冲击环境下超高温陶瓷材料抗热震性能的热-损伤模型

在现有的抗热震理论基础上考虑到超高温陶瓷材料热物理性能对温度的敏感性及损伤在其使役历程中随温度的演化,建立了适用于升温服役环境下表征超高温陶瓷材料抗热震性能的热-损伤模型。该模型考虑了微裂纹尺寸、密度、热冲击环境温度等因素对材料抗热震性能的影响。利用此模型研究了超高温陶瓷材料在升温服役环境下损伤以微裂纹形核规律演化时对其抗热震性能的影响。从理论上验证了基于材料微结构设计思想在制备超高温陶瓷材料时,引进一定密度一定尺寸的微裂纹并控制其随温度演化规律以形核方式进行,既可以使材料保持较高的强度又能大幅度提升材料的抗热震性能。     

压缩载荷作用下岩石的细观损伤和塑性研究

建立岩石微裂纹扩展的细观力学模型,研究了岩石的细观损伤和塑性性质.压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的细观损伤,采用应变能密度准则求解复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映了塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石模型的本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了模型的本构程序.分析弹塑性损伤模型的围压对岩石损伤的影响,并从围压和短微裂隙长度等因素分析模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性.     

The study of gamma irradiation effects on poly (glycolic acid)

We have investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on chemical structure, thermal and morphological properties of biodegradable semi-crystalline poly (glycolic acid) (PGA). PGA samples were subjected to irradiation treatment using a ⁶⁰Co gamma source with a delivered dose of 30, 60 and 90?kGy, respectively. Gamma irradiation induces cleavage of PGA main chains forming ～O?H₂ and ?H₂COO～ radicals in both amorphous and crystalline regions. The free radicals formed in the amorphous region abstract atmospheric oxygen and convert them to peroxy radicals. The peroxy radical causes chain scission at the crystal interface through hydrogen abstraction from methylene groups forming the ～?HCOO～ (I) radical. Consequently, the observed electron spin resonance (ESR) doublet of irradiated PGA is assigned to (I). The disappearance of the ESR signal above 190°C indicates that free radicals are formed in the amorphous region and decay below the melting temperature of PGA. Fourier transform infrared and optical absorption studies confirm that the groups are not influenced by gamma irradiation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed that the melting temperature of PGA decreased from 212°C to 202°C upon irradiation. Degree of crystallinity increased initially and then decreased with an increase in radiation as per DSC and X-ray diffraction studies. Irradiation produced changes in the physical properties of PGA as well as affecting the morphology of the material.