Effect of oxygen on regulation of properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films

Regulation of oxygen on properties of moderately boron-doped diamond films is fully investigated. Results show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen (oxygen-to-carbon ratio < 5.0%), the crystal quality of diamond is improved, and a suppression effect of residual nitrogen is observed. With increasing ratio of O/C from 2.5% to 20.0%, the hole concentration is firstly increased then reduced. This change of hole concentration is also explained. Moreover, the results of Hall effect measurement with temperatures from 300 K to 825 K show that, with adding a small amount of oxygen, boron and oxygen complex structures (especially B₃O and B₄O) are formed and exhibit as shallow donor in diamond, which results in increase of donor concentration. With further increase of ratio of O/C, the inhibitory behaviors of oxygen on boron leads to decrease of acceptor concentration (the optical emission spectroscopy has shown that it is decreased with ratio of O/C more than 10.0%). This work demonstrates that oxygen-doping induced increasement of the crystalline and surface quality could be restored by the co-doping with oxygen. The technique could achieve boron-doped diamond films with both high quality and acceptable hole concentration, which is applicable to electronic level of usage.     

Two-dimensional topological semimetals

The field of two-dimensional topological semimetals, which emerged at the intersection of two-dimensional materials and topological materials, has been rapidly developing in recent years. In this article, we briefly review the progress in this field. Our focus is on the basic concepts and notions, in order to convey a coherent overview of the field. Some material examples are discussed to illustrate the concepts. We discuss the outstanding problems in the field that need to be addressed in future research.     

Linearization of Poisson groupoids

Motivated by a search for Lie group structures on groups of Poisson diffeomorphisms, we investigate linearizability of Poisson structures of Poisson groupoids around the unit section. After extending the Lagrangian neighbourhood theorem to the setting of cosymplectic Lie algebroids, we establish that dual integrations of triangular bialgebroids are always linearizable. Additionally, we show that the (non-dual) integration of a triangular Lie bialgebroid is linearizable whenever the $r$-matrix is of so-called cosymplectic type. The proof relies on the integration of a triangular Lie bialgebroid to a symplectic LA-groupoid, and in the process we define interesting new examples of double Lie algebroids and LA-groupoids. We also show that the product Poisson groupoid can only be linearizable when the Poisson structure on the unit space is regular.     

Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations

Programmed deformations are widespread in nature, providing elegant paradigms to design self‐morphing materials with promising applications in biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, etc. In this emerging field, hydrogels are an ideal material to investigate the deformation principle and the structure‐deformation relationship. One crucial step is to construct heterogeneous structures in a facile yet effective way. Herein, we provide a focus review on different deformation modes and corresponding structural features of hydrogels. Photolithography is a versatile approach to control the outer shape of the hydrogel and spatial distribution of the component in the hydrogel, endowing the patterned hydrogels with programmed internal stress and thus controllable deformations. Specifically, cooperative deformations take place in periodically patterned hydrogels with in‐plane gradients, and multiple morphing structures are formed in one patterned hydrogel using selective preswelling to direct the buckling of each unit. The structural control strategy and deformation principles should be applicable to other materials with broad applications in diverse areas.     

Evaporative characteristics of sessile nanofluid droplet on micro‐structured heated surface

Micro‐structure patterned substrates attract our attention due to the special and programmable wettabilities. The interaction between the liquid and micro/nano structures gives rise to controllable spreading and thus evaporation. For exploration of the application versatility, the introduction of nanoparticles in liquid droplet results in interaction among particles, liquid and microstructures. In addition, temperature of the substrates strongly affects the spreading of the contact line and the evaporative property. The evaporation of sessile droplets of nanofluids on a micro‐grooved solid surface is investigated in terms of liquid and surface properties. The patterned nickel surface used in the experiments is designed and fabricated with circular and rectangular shaped pillars whose size ratios between interval and pillars is fixed at 5. The behavior is firstly compared between nanofluid and pure liquid on substrates at room temperature. For pure water droplet, the drying time is relatively longer due to the receding of contact line which slows down the liquid evaporation. Higher concentrations of nanoparticles tend to increase the total evaporation time. With varying concentrations of graphite at nano scale from 0.02% to 0.18% with an interval at 0.04% in water droplets and the heating temperature from 22 to 85°C, the wetting and evaporation of the sessile droplets are systematically studied with discussion on the impact parameters and the resulted liquid dynamics as well as the stain. The interaction among the phases together with the heating strongly affects the internal circulation inside the droplet, the evaporative rate and the pattern of particles deposition.     

W掺杂ZnO电子结构与光学性质第一性原理计算

采用了基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算本征ZnO和不同W掺杂浓度下W:ZnO体系的电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明:W掺杂可以提高ZnO的载流子浓度,从而改善ZnO的导电性.掺杂后,吸收光谱发生红移现象,且光学性质变化集中在低能量区,而高能量区的光学性质没有太大变化,计算结果与相关实验结果相符合.最后,结合电子结构定性分析了光学性质的变化.     

The Scattering Problem in PT‐Symmetric Periodic Structures of 1D Two‐Material Waveguide Networks

A PT‐symmetric periodic structure with two‐material waveguide networks is constructed. In this study, how changing the number of cells affects the transmission properties is investigated. The results show that the PT‐unbroken (broken) region of the system is only determined by the cell structure, regardless of the number of unit cells. This means that any system has the same exceptional points (EPs), regardless of the number of cells and as long as the cell structure is consistent. In addition, it is confirmed that the coherent perfect absorbers and lasers (CPA lasers) occur in our model. The transfer matrix method is used to derive a sufficient condition for achieving the CPA laser point. A simple, effective formula for predicting the CPA laser state in an N unit cell system is derived.