缢蛏稚贝优质微藻饵料的筛选

为了筛选缢蛏稚贝的合适饵料及其最优组合投饵方式,比较了8种常见饵料微藻单种投喂和混合投喂对缢蛏稚贝生长的影响．结果显示：单种投喂时,角毛藻和金藻饵料效果最佳,云微藻和XSWG仅次于角毛藻和金藻,对于规格较大的缢蛏稚贝扁藻饵料效果较佳,而对于规格较小的缢蛏稚贝其饵料效果并不太好,这5种微藻都可以作为缢蛏稚贝培育过程中的优良饵料选择：微绿球藻、巴夫藻饵料效果较差,不是缢蛏的良好饵料;而A5不仅对缢蛏稚贝没有饵料效果还具有一定的毒害作用．选择优良饵料微藻进行混合投喂,其效果要优于单种投喂;混合投喂时,一些单种投喂饵料效果不佳的微藻品种可以作为优质饵料不足时的补充;对缢蛏稚贝有毒害作用的微藻品种绝对不能作为混合投喂时的饵料选择．     

光照强度对缢蛏稚贝生长的影响

为考察缢蛏育苗过程中光强的控制幅度, 研究了不同光照强度对缢蛏稚贝生长的影响. 试验分别选择1mm和5mm不同附着基厚度和4组不同光照强度试验, 时间为10d, 平均光强分别为A: (12244±5290)lx、B: (3792±2105)lx、C: (380±145)lx、D: (14±11)lx(光暗比12h:12h). 当附着基厚度为1mm时, 初始大小(0.26±0.02)mm缢蛏稚贝在A、B、C、D组的生长大小和成活率分别为(1.17±0.11)mm和(72.2±3.9)%、(1.25±0.12)mm和(84.6±4.1)%、(1.55±0.13)mm和(89.7± 4.5)%, (1.32±0.11)mm和(82.1±3.6)%. C组缢蛏稚贝生长大小和成活率都最大, 各组差异显著. 当附着基厚度为5mm时, 缢蛏稚贝在A、B、C、D组的生长大小和成活率分别为(1.48±0.12)mm和(86.3±3.7)%、(1.52±0.13)mm和(89.6±3.9)%、(1.62±0.14)mm和(88.4±4.0)%, (1.41±0.11)mm和(84.3±3.9)%. C组缢蛏稚贝生长大小和成活率都最大, 但是各组没有显著差异. 当实验对象换成较大(1.45±0.16)mm缢蛏稚贝, 光照强度对于薄附着基内稚贝的生长的影响更为明显. 结果表明: 光照强度对缢蛏稚贝生长有明显影响, 稚贝生长过程中最适的光照强度为(380±145)lx, 高于或低于此光照范围, 稚贝的生长率都会受到不同程度的抑制; 适当增加附着基厚度有利于高光强下大规格稚贝的发育生长.     

A MODEL OF TROPICAL MARINE RESERVE‐FISHERY LINKAGES

ABSTRACT. The excessive and unsustainable exploitation of our marine resources has led to the promotion of marine reserves as a fisheries management tool. Marine reserves, areas in which fishing is restricted or prohibited, can offer opportunities for the recovery of exploited stock and fishery enhancement. In this paper we examine the contribution of fully protected tropical marine reserves to fishery enhancement by modeling marine reserve‐fishery linkages. The consequences of reserve establishment on the long‐run equilibrium fish biomass and fishery catch levels are evaluated. In contrast to earlier models this study highlights the roles of both adult (and juvenile) fish migration and larval dispersal between the reserve and fishing grounds by employing a spawner‐recruit model. Uniform larval dispersal, uniform larval retention and complete larval retention combined with zero, moderate and high fish migration scenarios are analyzed in turn. The numerical simulations are based on Mombasa Marine National Park, Kenya, a fully protected coral reef marine reserve comprising approximately 30% of former fishing grounds. Simulation results suggest that the establishment of a fully protected marine reserve will always lead to an increase in total fish biomass. If the fishery is moderately to heavily exploited, total fishery catch will be greater with the reserve in all scenarios of fish and larval movement. If the fishery faces low levels of exploitation, catches can be optimized without a reserve but with controlled fishing effort. With high fish migration from the reserve, catches are optimized with the reserve. The optimal area of the marine reserve depends on the exploitation rate in the neighboring fishing grounds. For example, if exploitation is maintained at 40%, the ‘optimal’ reserve size would be 10%. If the rate increases to 50%, then the reserve needs to be 30% of the management area in order to maximize catches. However, even in lower exploitation fisheries (below 40%), a small reserve (up to 20%) provides significantly higher gains in fish biomass than losses in catch. Marine reserves are a valuable fisheries management tool. To achieve maximum fishery benefits they should be complemented by fishing effort controls.     

THEiEARLY JINNING JUVENILE CONTINENTAL CRUST TRANSFORMATION TYPE GRANITOIDS FROM SOUTHERN ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA

It is considered that the early Jinning period granitoids from southern Anhui Province belong to the continental crust transformation (S) type and have their own characteristics which are different from those for general continental crust transformation type granitoids. They were formed at the early stage of the late Proterozoic era when that region was at an island-arc stage of the continental margin environment. By that time the continental crust was just formed and had a nature of juvenile crust. It is this juvenile crust that determined a series of characteristics of that type granitoids and made them a relatively independent rock type. They are the products formed by the continental crust in a certain stage of development.     

Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Forchlorfenuron in Adult and Juvenile Rats

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a plant growth regulator extensively used in agriculture. However, studies on CPPU pharmacokinetics are lacking. We established and validated a rapid, sensitive, and accurate liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for CPPU detection in rat plasma. CPPU pharmacokinetics was evaluated in adult and juvenile rats orally treated with 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg of the compound. The area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC), at the final time point sampled (AUC_0–t), and the maximum drug concentration of CPPU increased in a dose-dependent manner. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC_0–t and absolute bioavailability were higher in the juvenile rats than in adult rats. The mean residence time and AUC_0–t of juvenile rats in the gavage groups, except for the 10 mg/kg dose, were significantly higher in comparison to those observed for adult rats (p < 0.001). The plasma clearance of CPPU in juvenile rats was slightly lower than that in the adult rats. Taken together, juvenile rats were more sensitive to CPPU than adult rats, which indicates potential safety risks of CPPU in minors.     

草鱼巨噬细胞活化的生理生化指标研究

采用Percoll密度梯度离心等技术，对处于两种不同活性状态的草鱼头肾和腹腔巨噬细胞（Macrophage,Mφ）进行了分离纯化，并对两者的生理生化代谢作了比较分析，证实活化Mφ的体积增大，O^-2,H2O3,ACP活性和RNA、蛋白质含量显著升高，吞噬杀菌力明显增强，5′ND活性显著下降，这些变化规律与高等脊椎动物Mφ相一致，说明鱼类和高等脊椎动物Mφ存在相同的活化机制，O^-2，H2O2，ACP，RNA，蛋白质和5′ND活性和含量以及吞噬杀菌力均可作为反映鱼类Mφ活性水平的生理生化指标。     

鱼类免疫应答中的温度效应研究

本文通过对草鱼在不同温度 ( 10℃、 18℃、 26℃ )饲养条件下 ,注射细菌抗原 (嗜水产气单孢菌 ) ,用凝集抗体的检测方法测定其血清的凝集效价 ,研究不同水温下草鱼的体液免疫应答水平的差异 ,结果显示草鱼在 26℃ , 18℃ , 10℃三种温度下凝集抗体效价具有随时间推移 (抗原注射后 )而变化的规律 ,得出了草鱼在 18℃ , 26℃的温度范围内 ,温度越高 ,体液免疫应答的水平也越高 ,低温能抑制其体液免疫应答 . 该文还研究了草鱼外周血中淋巴细胞 ,在不同温度 ( 10℃、 18℃、 26℃ )的体外培养中 ,分别受 PHA与SP A的刺激 ,经 3 H-Td R掺入法间接检测其细胞免疫应答 ,发现低温 ( 10℃、 18℃ )时 , T淋转受抑制 ,而 B淋转不受影响 ,反映出低温效应所引起的免疫抑制是与 T细胞免疫应答抑制有关 .     

草鱼ANAE阳性细胞及免疫组织和巨嗜细胞ACP活性分析

草鱼在接受嗜水产气单胞菌免疫 10d, 20d 和 30d以后,其血液、前肾、脾脏和胸腺中 AN AE阳性细胞百分率上升,同时发现血液、前肾和脾脏的巨嗜细胞或组织匀浆的 AC P活性也上升,表明鱼体受抗原刺激后处于免疫应答状态,免疫力相对提高. 作者认为可以把鱼类的免疫相关器官或血液中ANAE阳性细胞的相对比率和酸性磷酸酶的相对活性作为鱼体免疫机能的检测指标之一.     

黑鲷人工育苗和中间培育试验

1998年 5月 2 5日至 8月 2 1日在日本福井县栽培渔业中心进行了黑鲷人工育苗和中间培育试验 .育苗密度为 16 2 0 0尾 /t,育苗成活率 (到 5 7日龄 )为 12 .9% .中间培育 (5 7～ 87日龄 )分两组 ,密度分别为 1342尾 /t和 6 0 0尾 /t ,成活率分别为 5 9.9%和 96 .3% .