Nb3Sn卢瑟福电缆复合导体稳定性分析

超高磁场全身核磁共振成像仪能显著提高信噪比和空间分辨率,有助于对病人的诊断.超导磁体是超高磁场核磁共振成像仪的基础,而导体是超导磁体设备研制的关键技术之一.设计了一种基于Nb_3Sn超导线的复合导体,本文对设计的复合导体建立一维失超传播模型,并对导体的失超传播特性进行了分析.分析结果表明:导体的最小失超能与扰动范围、扰动时长和运行电流有关;扰动能量越大,失超传播速度越快;运行电流越大,失超传播速度越快.     

具有本征低晶格热导率的硫化银快离子导体的热电性能

硫化银(Ag_2S)是一种典型的快离子导体材料,前期关于Ag_2S的研究主要集中在光电和生物等领域.最近的研究表明, a-Ag_2S具有和金属一样的良好延展性和变形能力.但是, Ag_2S的热电性能尚无公开报道.本工作合成了单相Ag_2S化合物,系统研究了其在300—600 K范围的物相变化、离子迁移特性和电热输运性质.研究发现, Ag_2S在300—600 K温度区间表现出半导体的电输运性质.由于单斜-体心立方相晶体结构转变, Ag_2S的离子电导率、载流子浓度、迁移率、电导率、泽贝克系数等性质在455 K前后出现急剧变化.在550 K, Ag_2S的功率因子最高可达5μW·cm~(–1)·K~(–2). Ag_2S在300—600 K温度区间均表现出本征的低晶格热导率(低于0.6 W·m~(–1)·K~(–1)). S亚晶格中随机分布的类液态Ag离子是导致b-Ag_2S体心立方相具有低晶格热导率的主要原因.在573 K, Ag_2S的热电优值可达0.55,与Ag_2Se, Ag_2Te, CuAgSe等已报道的Ag基快离子导体热电材料的性能相当.     

钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体在能源转化中应用的研究进展

钙钛矿型离子电子导体具有良好的传导氧离子和电子性能,使其在能源转化过程中具有较好的应用前景,已成为人们研究的热点。本文综述了钙钛矿型离子电子导体的主要制备方法,并着重介绍了其在化学循环燃烧、氧气的分离、制氢、太阳能电池方面的应用。钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体可作为一种复合催化剂,应用于甲烷选择性氧化工艺,为钙钛矿离子电子导体应用新途径,同时为甲烷高效催化转化利用提供了理论支持。     

Li17Sb13S28: A New Lithium Ion Conductor and addition to the Phase Diagram Li2S–Sb2S3

Li₁₇Sb₁₃S₂₈ was synthesized by solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of anhydrous Li₂S and Sb₂S₃. The crystal structure of Li₁₇Sb₁₃S₂₈ was determined from dark‐red single crystals at room temperature. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m (no. 12) with a=12.765(2) Å, b=11.6195(8) Å, c=9.2564(9) Å, β=119.665(6)°, V=1193.0(2) ų, and Z=4 (data at 20 °C, lattice constants from powder diffraction). The crystal structure contains one cation site with a mixed occupation by Li and Sb, and one with an antimony split position. Antimony and sulfur form slightly distorted tetragonal bipyramidal [SbS₅E] units (E=free electron pair). Six of these units are arranged around a vacancy in the anion substructure. The lone electron pairs E of the antimony(III) cations are arranged around these vacancies. Thus, a variant of the rock salt structure type with ordered vacancies in the anionic substructure results. Impedance spectroscopic measurements of Li₁₇Sb₁₃S₂₈ show a specific conductivity of 2.9×10^?9 Ω^?1 cm^?1 at 323 K and of 7.9×10^?6 Ω^?1 cm^?1 at 563 K, the corresponding activation energy is E_A=0.4 eV below 403 K and E_A=0.6 eV above. Raman spectra are dominated by the Sb?S stretching modes of the [SbS₅] units at 315 and 341 cm^?1 at room temperature. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements of Li₁₇Sb₁₃S₂₈ indicate peritectic melting at 854 K.     

Creep life evaluation of aluminum conductor composite core utilized in high voltage electric transmission

The creep life of aluminum conductor composite core (ACCC) utilized in high voltage electric transmission was investigated using an experimental method based on the equivalence relationship. First, the time-temperature-stress equivalence relationship was developed using the time-temperature and the time-stress equivalence relationships. Then, tensile creep experiments were conducted under different temperatures and different stress levels to obtain the strain-time curves of the ACCC. Finally, the creep strain master curve was obtained using the experimental data based on the time-temperature-stress equivalence relationship, allowing prediction of ACCC creep life. The results will play an important role in evaluation of the long-term characteristics of the ACCC for engineering applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of BaGa2O4 and Ba3Co2O6(CO3)0.6 compounds in the search of alternative materials for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cell (PCFC)

BaGa₂O₄ and Ba₃Co₂O₆(CO₃)_0.6 compounds were studied as electrolyte and cathode materials for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFC), respectively. Not only BaGa₂O₄ rapidly reacts with atmospheric H₂O and CO₂ and leads to a progressive material decomposition, but it does not present real hydration properties in normal conditions of pressure. On the other hand, the basic cobalt oxocarbonate Ba₃Co₂O₆(CO₃)_0.6 exhibits an interesting tendency for weight uptake and formation of hydrogencarbonate groups in moist heating/cooling conditions. This material was therefore considered for complementary studies in order to confirm its potential use as mixed proton-electron conductor, taking into account the ordered intergrowth of carbonates and face sharing Co-octahedra columns forming a pseudo-one-dimensional structure. Some preliminary results concerning electrochemical properties of the barium cobalt oxocarbonate as a PCFC cathode are also described and show at the moment modest performance, possibly related to a hydrated/carbonated surface layer contribution and/or the lack of electron percolation within the electrode layer.     

Fast Li-Ion Conduction in Spinel-Structured Solids

Spinel-structured solids were studied to understand if fast Li⁺ ion conduction can be achieved with Li occupying multiple crystallographic sites of the structure to form a “Li-stuffed” spinel, and if the concept is applicable to prepare a high mixed electronic-ionic conductive, electrochemically active solid solution of the Li⁺ stuffed spinel with spinel-structured Li-ion battery electrodes. This could enable a single-phase fully solid electrode eliminating multi-phase interface incompatibility and impedance commonly observed in multi-phase solid electrolyte–cathode composites. Materials of composition Li_1.25M(III)_0.25TiO₄, M(III) = Cr or Al were prepared through solid-state methods. The room-temperature bulk Li⁺-ion conductivity is 1.63 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ for the composition Li_1.25Cr_0.25Ti_1.5O₄. Addition of Li₃BO₃ (LBO) increases ionic and electronic conductivity reaching a bulk Li⁺ ion conductivity averaging 6.8 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, a total Li-ion conductivity averaging 4.2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, and electronic conductivity averaging 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ for the composition Li_1.25Cr_0.25Ti_1.5O₄ with 1 wt. % LBO. An electrochemically active solid solution of Li_1.25Cr_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ was prepared. This work proves that Li-stuffed spinels can achieve fast Li-ion conduction and that the concept is potentially useful to enable a single-phase fully solid electrode without interphase impedance.     

Electrical Characterization and Ionic Transport Properties of Carboxyl Methylcellulose-Oleic Acid Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes. From the impedance study, the highest ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes based on carboxyl methylcellulose as polymer host and oleic acid as the doping salt, prepared by the solution casting method at room temperature, σ_r.t, is 2.11 × 10^?5 S cm^?1 for the sample containing 20 wt.% of oleic acid. Transference number measurement was performed to correlate the diffusion phenomena to the conductivity behavior of carboxyl methylcellulose-oleic acid solid polymer electrolytes. From the transference number measurement study, the conduction species carrier of the cation (+) is higher than that of the anion (?). Thus, the results proved that the samples are proton-conducting solid polymer electrolytes.     

Detailed Description of Pulse Isotopic Exchange Method for Analyzing Oxygen Surface Exchange Behavior on Oxide Ion Conductors

A novel pulse ¹⁸O-¹⁶O isotopic exchange (PIE) technique for measurement of the rate of oxygen surface exchange of oxide ion conductors was presented. The technique employs a continuous flow packed-bed micro-reactor loaded with the oxide powder. The isothermal response to an ¹⁸O-enriched pulse passing through the reactor, thereby maintaining chemical equilibrium, is measured by on-line mass spectrometry. Evaluation of the apparent exchange rate follows from the uptake of ¹⁸O by the oxide at given reactor residence time and surface area available for exchange. The developed PIE technique is rapid, simple and highly suitable for screening and systematic studies. No rapid heating/quenching steps are required to facilitate ¹⁸O tracer anneal or analysis, as in other commonly used techniques based upon oxygen isotopic exchange. Moreover, the relative distribution of the oxygen isotopologues ¹⁸O₂, ¹⁶O¹⁸O, and ¹⁶O₂ in the effluent pulse provides insight into the mechanism of the oxygen exchange reaction. The PIE technique has been demonstrated by measuring the exchange rate of selected oxides with enhanced oxide ionic conductivity in the range of 350?900 oC. Analysis of the experimental data in terms of a model with two consecutive, lumped steps for the isotopic exchange reaction shows that for mixed conductors Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ(BSCF) and La₂NiO_4+δ the reaction is limited by the apparent rate of dissociative adsorption of O₂ molecules at the oxide surface. For yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a change-over takes place, from rate-limitations by oxygen incorporation below ∽800 oC to rate-limitations by O₂ dissociative adsorption above this temperature. Good agreement is obtained with exchange rates reported for these materials in literature.     

Synergy of Single‐ion Conductive and Thermo‐responsive Copolymer Hydrogels Achieving Anti‐Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity

Artificial intelligence sensations have aroused scientific interest from electronic conductors to bio‐inspired ionic conductors. The conductivity of electrons decreases with increasing temperature, while the ionic conductivity agrees with an Arrhenius equation or a modified Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Herein, thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropyl amide) (PNIPAm) and single‐ion‐conducting poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic lithium salt) (PAMPSLi) were copolymerized via a facile radical polymerization to demonstrate a very intriguing anti‐Arrhenius ionic conductivity behaviour during thermally induced volume‐phase transition. These smart hydrogels presented very promising scaffolds for architecting flexible, wearable or advanced functional ionic devices.