柴油爆炸性能外场实验研究

通过?30 mm杀爆燃弹外场炮击实验，模拟车辆、装备油箱被炮火击中后二次爆炸场景，采用高速照相机、红外热成像仪分别记录引爆柴油过程和爆炸火球的温度场，对比评估普通柴油、含水型柴油和抑爆型柴油的爆炸特性。实验结果显示:炮弹射击油箱瞬间，柴油液滴被抛撒出油箱，与空气快速混合形成气溶胶，并在炸药能量作用下引发爆炸，形成爆炸火球；不同类型柴油的爆炸火球均经历3个发展阶段，但其尺寸、扩展速率和表面温度等有较大差别，普通柴油和含水型柴油的火球这3个参数比较接近，都大于抑爆型柴油；含水型柴油的油箱毁伤容积为108.00 dm3，远高于普通柴油的57.65 dm3和抑爆型柴油的38.15 dm3。研究表明，抑爆柴油中的高分子聚合物能起到较好的抑爆作用。     

Thermal Degradation and Fire Behavior of High Performance Polymers

Abstract

High performance and high temperature polymers are a class of polymeric materials exhibiting high thermal stability and their resistance to fire makes them valuable assets for many applications. Those applications include as typical examples high temperature gas separation membranes, automotive and aerospace industry as well as the construction industry. The high performance polymers have been synthesized since the early 1960s, and have developed rapidly over the past few decades. Most high performance polymers comprise a highly aromatic backbone, linear chains, and strong inter-chain interactions. This review deals mostly with commercial polymeric materials. Studies regarding their thermal behavior, degradation mechanism and their reaction to fire have been synthetically combined in order to bring out potential insight concerning the effect of the thermal decomposition and thermal behavior on the fire properties of those polymers.     

Synergistic improvement of fire retardancy and mechanical properties of ferrocene‐based polymer in intumescent polypropylene composite

The ferrocene‐based polymer (PDPFDE) accompanied with traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system (ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) = 3/1, mass ratio) has been used as additive flame retardant in polypropylene (PP), aiming to lower the total loading amount. The thermal stability and fire retardant properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL‐94), and cone calorimetry (CONE). The fire retardant mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the PP1 with 25 wt% IFR only passed the UL‐94 V‐1 rating, but the PP6 loaded by 0.5 wt% PDPFDE and 22.5 wt% IFR possessed an LOI value of 28.5% and passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating; the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) are decreased by 63% and 43%, respectively, compared with pure PP. In addition, the char residue of PP6 manifested a very compact and smooth surface, indicating a more effective barrier layer. Meanwhile, it was interesting that the addition of PDPFDE evidently improved the impact strength and elongation at break of PP/IFR composites.     

离子色谱法分析火灾烟气成分的完善

建立了离子色谱法分析火灾烟气成分的方法。样品用去离子水和氢氧化钠溶液配制,采用0.45μm的滤膜过滤2~3次后,配制成样品溶液,稀释适当倍数后进样分析,采用电导检测器进行检测。各阴离子在1.0~50.0mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限在0.06~0.1 mg/L之间。方法的加标回收率在86.0%~110%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.5%~9.0%(n=5)。该方法简便快捷,选择性好,灵敏度高,可满足火灾烟气成分的分析要求。     

Blended-fuel based EDC combustion model and its application in heptane-ethanol fire simulation

The blended-fuel based eddy-dissipation-concept combustion model was newly developed in the FireFOAM framework, and applied to simulate 30 cm×30 cm heptane-ethanol pool fire. Comparison was made of fire height, centerline temperature against experimental measurements, which shows that they match very well with each other. However, further studies are needed to examine the validation of this model in fire simulations with various scales.     

火试金-原子吸收光谱法测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量

锡阳极泥是锡冶炼过程中的一种中间产物,其中含有大量的金、银等贵金属。准确测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量有很重要的现实意义。采用火试金法能实现锡阳极泥中金、银含量的连续测定,方法准确度高,精密度好,金、银回收率在97.46%~101.66%,能很好地满足锡阳极泥中高品位金、银的测定。     

火试金-重量法测定阳极铜中的金和银

阳极铜是铜电解过程的重要产品,其中含有一定量的金、银等贵金属,快速准确地测定阳极铜中的贵金属含量,具有重要的现实意义。采用火试金重量法可以同时且快速地测定出样品中的金量和银量,试样与适量的熔剂经高温熔融,铅将金、银富集起来形成铅扣,灰吹得到金、银合粒,用硝酸分金,重量法测得金量;用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定分金液中的杂质量和金量,合粒质量减去金量及杂质量即为银量。此方法精密度好,准确度高。金、银的加标回收率在97.6%~102%,可以很好地满足阳极铜中金、银含量的测定。     

物理化学教学中安全工程教育的融合与内化实例*

如何强化安全工程教育是化学化工类专业高等教育的一个重要课题。通过对蒸汽锅炉爆炸、火灾爆燃事故以及锈蚀危害等3个实例的详细讲述,指出在物理化学的教学中,若适时融入相关的安全工程教育,可以使学生深刻理解安全事故发生及防范所依赖的物理化学原理,从而起到安全意识的内化作用。教学中现代教育技术的引入可以增强这一效果。     

Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Phase Composition,Thermal and Post-Heating Behavior of Cementitious Composites

This paper experimentally investigates the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on phase composition, microstructure deterioration, thermal behavior, and residual mechanical strengths of cementitious composites exposed to elevated temperatures. Cement mortars with small dosages of CNTs, 0.05% and 0.2% by weight of cement, were prepared and then heated at 25 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C for two hours before being tested. The results show positive impact of the CNTs on the hydration process of cement mortar at room temperature and at higher temperatures up to 200 °C. Decomposition of the hydration products is obvious at 450 °C, whereas sever deterioration in the microstructure occurs at 600 °C. The nano reinforcement and bridging effect of the CNTs are obvious up to 450 °C. Thermal behavior characterization shows that CNTs incorporation enhances the thermal conductivity of the unheated and heat-treated mortar specimens. The decomposition of the hydration products needs more heat in the presence of CNTs. Finally, presence of CNTs significantly enhances the residual compressive and flexural strengths of heated mortar specimens for all studied temperatures.     

轴心受压H型截面钢柱火灾行为的试验研究

本文对4根H型截面钢柱进行了火灾行为的试验研究。全部火灾试验采用自行研制的火灾试验炉,试验结果表明炉子性能稳定,使用方便。试验采用足尺试验形式,柱长3300mm。钢柱轴心受压,其中两个限制轴向变形,另两个不限制轴向变形。柱两端采用单向刀口支座,允许钢柱绕强轴转动。钢柱试验中考虑荷载大小和是否限制轴向变形两个因素。通过试验,得出了钢柱在火灾下的侧向变形和轴向变形随温度变化情况。试验证明:钢柱受火时,轴向变形明显的分为膨胀阶段和压缩阶段。压缩阶段很短,一旦进入压缩阶段,钢柱很快破坏。钢柱受到的外加荷载越大,其极限温度越低。限制轴向变形的钢柱极限温度降低。试验研究为今后钢结构火灾行为研究提供了依据。