Enhancing Formative Assessment Practice and Encouraging Middle School Mathematics Engagement and Persistence

In the transition to middle school, and during the middle school years, students' motivation for mathematics tends to decline from what it was during elementary school. Formative assessment strategies in mathematics can help support motivation by building confidence for challenging tasks. In this study, the authors developed and piloted a professional development program, Learning to Use Formative Assessment in Mathematics with the Assessment Work Sample Method (AWSM) to build middle school math teachers' understanding of the characteristics of high‐quality formative assessment processes and increases their ability to use them in their classrooms. AWSM proved to be feasible to implement in the middle school setting. It improved teachers' practice of formative assessment, especially in their feedback practices, regardless of their pedagogical content knowledge at entry. Results from focus groups suggested that teachers were better able to implement ungraded practice and student self‐ and peer‐assessment after AWSM, and that students were more willing to engage in complex problem solving.     

Comprehensive characterization and quantification of multiple components in Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule using a multivariate data processing approach based on microwave‐assisted extraction with UHPLC and Q Exactive quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry

Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule, a Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation, is widely used for chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. In this study, a rapid, selective, and sensitive microwave‐assisted extraction ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for analyzing its chemical compositions. A total of 85 compounds, including 22 flavonoids, 8 terpenoids, 5 quinones, 5 phthaleolactone, 23 organic acids, and 22 other compounds were identified from Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule. Among them, 35 major compounds were unambiguously detected by comparing them with reference standards and selected as quality control markers, which were simultaneously determined in Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule. The established method was successfully validated and applied for simultaneous determination of 35 bioactive compounds in Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule from ten sample batches. The quantitative data of the analytes were analyzed by principal component analysis for quality assessment of Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule. Six compounds (e.g., astragaloside IV, salvianolic acid B, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, N‐butylidenephthalide, and luteolin) were screened out and regarded as chemical markers for quality control of Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule. The established method has been proved to be a novel and useful tool for rapid research of Dan‐Huang‐Qu‐Yu capsule. This research will provide reference for the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicines.     

THE NEW ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR THE COURSE OF STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 1)

现有考核评价方式侧重期末考试而忽略过程考核，结合材料力学课程，探索一套注重过程考核的评价体系，综合评价学生对本课程的掌握程度，即将期末考试成绩在总评中的占比由70%降低至50%，平时作业、随堂测验、模块测验、实验考核和案例分析成绩各占比10%。新评价方式更加注重对学生学习过程的考核，使学生在整个课程学习过程中保持高度紧张感，提高学习的时效性和目的性，进而提高学生学习材料力学的热情和材料力学课堂教学效果。     

Expected reliability of communication protocols

We consider the problem of sending a message from a sender $s$ to a receiver $r$ through an unreliable network by specifying in a protocol what each vertex is supposed to do if it receives the message from one of its neighbors. A protocol for routing a message in such a graph is finite if it never floods $r$ with an infinite number of copies of the message. The expected reliability of a given protocol is the probability that a message sent from $s$ reaches $r$ when the edges of the network fail independently with probability $1?p$.We discuss, for given networks, the properties of finite protocols with maximum expected reliability in the case when $p$ is close to 0 or 1, and we describe networks for which no one protocol is optimal for all values of $p$. In general, finding an optimal protocol for a given network and fixed probability is challenging and many open problems remain.     

两参数Birnbaum-Saunders疲劳寿命分布图像特征的拓展分析

研究了两参数BS疲劳寿命分布BS(α,β)密度函数f(t)和失效率函数λ(t)顶峰点的位置以及在中位数β左右侧的图像特征，并给出了判断失效率函数图像特征的更为一般的结论.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中抗生素和农药浓度

基于快速有效的基质净化方法,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了测定蜂蜜中39种抗生素及25种农药的检测方法.蜂蜜样品经乙腈+水(v/v=8:2)提取,用PRiME HLB净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)分析测定,通过多反应监测模式(MRM)分析目标化合物,并进行基质标准曲线定量.在测定浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.99;农兽药的检出限为0.02~3.8μg·kg~(-1),定量限为0.1~11.5μg·kg~(-1);在3档浓度的添加回收实验中,39种抗生素的回收率在72%~119%内,25种农药的回收率在72%~115%内,相对标准偏差均小于15%.随机抽取浙江市场上在售的52份蜂蜜样进行检测分析和膳食暴露评估,共检出罗红霉素、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星3种抗生素,检出率分别为2.6%,8.6%和3.9%,浓度分别为59.6~214.4,4.7~1 486.3和5.9~215.1μg·kg~(-1).膳食暴露评估结果表明,蜂蜜中抗生素残留对10岁以下组群的风险高于其他组群、女性消费者高于男性消费者;%ADI100,说明膳食暴露评估风险水平尚可接受.因在计算中存在诸多不确定性因素,对组群的风险评估尚需进一步分析.     

冲角工况下列车车轮损伤机理研究

曲线通过和蛇行运动时将会在轮轨间产生一定的冲角,为探究列车车轮在冲角工况下的损伤机理,利用JD-1轮轨模拟试验机对列车车轮进行滚动接触疲劳试验.结果表明:在冲角工况下车轮试件磨痕的不同区域存在不同的损伤机理,按损伤机理的不同可以将其分为塑性堆积区、疲劳损伤区和磨损区三个区域.在应力发生剧烈变化且应力方向由高应力区指向低应力区的区域将会出现材料的塑性堆积,并且在堆积处产生疲劳裂纹.滚动接触下的疲劳裂纹可以萌生于表面和亚表面,在较强应力作用下,车轮材料的晶粒发生了明显的细化,在横截面上呈现出纤维状组织.     

基于改进蛙跳算法的结构可靠指标计算

为了克服传统的结构可靠指标求解方法存在的模型描述和计算缺陷,引入改进混合蛙跳算法用于求解可靠指标。针对标准蛙跳算法求解组合优化问题时后期收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优的缺点,新算法引入蚁群算法的信息素调整策略,对蛙跳算法后期局部搜索进行改进,扩大算法后期搜索范围,使蛙跳算法跳出局部最优。最后,将改进后的算法应用到结构可靠指标的求解过程,算例验证了改进算法的有效性。     

航空导管弯曲试验的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命

飞行器液压导管受接头和卡箍等约束，在使用的振动环境中，会因弯曲应力而导致破裂，影响到飞行安全．本文对飞行器液压系统通用的不锈钢导管的裂纹萌生寿命进行了试验研究．首先在对8 mm、12 mm 无缺陷导管和含U 型缺口8 mm 导管的疲劳试验和有限元分析的基础上，得到了导管的最大拉应变-裂纹萌生寿命数据．然后采用基于强度极限和弹性模量估算法的Manson-Coffin 公式来预测导管裂纹萌生寿命．最后引入加载类型修正系数、表面质量修正系数、试样尺寸修正系数、应力集中敏感系数和有效应力集中系数，使修正后的公式对三种类型的导管均有较好的裂纹萌生寿命预测精度．