材料表征方法理论与实践课程的改革与建设*

通过与超星专业慕课制作团队合作搭建网络教学平台,将线上慕课教学与线下实验教学相结合,对材料表征方法理论与实践课程进行了全方位的改革。与传统实验教学相比,改革后的课程不仅能够激发学生的学习兴趣,实现时间空间的相对自由,还可以完善考核机制,提升教学质量,从而为高校化学研究生实验课程的改革提供一定的借鉴意义。     

The experimental design approach to the optimization of a simple quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe method for the analysis of phytoestrogens in complex soy‐based food

The present paper deals with the multivariate optimization of an extraction‐purification strategy for the determination of phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, coumestrol, formononetin, and biochanin A) in soy‐based meat substitutes by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. For a reliable quantitation of these new concerning compounds in such a complex matrix, recovery and matrix effect must be carefully evaluated. Therefore, two sequential experimental designs were used to optimize the sample‐pretreatment of soy‐based burgers: the chosen technique was the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe methodology, which does not require any particular facility or instrumentation. Thanks to the first screening design (Plackett‐Burman), the significant factors influencing the studied responses were identified and further investigated through a response surface design (Box‐Behnken). The optimal values of the variables (volume of extraction solvent mix/sample mass ratio and two clean‐up sorbents) led to quantitative recoveries (97–104%) and low ion suppression (matrix effect 60–93%) for all analytes. This optimized method was characterized by low detection limits (0.2–1.5 ng/g) and excellent intraday precision (RSD 2–4%). It was applied to the determination of the considered compounds in several soy‐burgers from the Italian market, detecting low ng/g levels (up to 40 ng/g) of coumestrol, formononetin, and biochanin A, and high concentrations (7.9–78 µg/g) of genistein and daidzein.     

基于真实情境的深度学习——以研究木耳中铁含量为例

教师创设研究木耳中铁含量的课题，引导学生充分利用已经学习过的铁单质、铁的氧化、铁的检验等知识及溶解、过滤等实验技能，通过在真实背景下自觉地进行研究并解决问题，在实践中学习新知识和新方法，将课本上的浅表性知识批判性吸收，有效提升学生对知识的理解与应用能力。     

化学需氧量(COD)测定的绿色化教学实验方案与实践

在以邻苯二甲酸氢钾配制的水样作为测定COD水样，以及硫酸铁代替硫酸汞的条件下，通过对水样体积、重铬酸钾溶液的体积、浓硫酸用量以及加热回流时间等几方面因素的讨论，设计出适合COD测定教学实验的实验方案。采用该实验方案不仅能够很好地达到实验教学的目的，而且可以减少有毒有害废液的产生和排放。该实验方案可以作为COD测定的绿色化教学实验推广应用。     

Influence of the pH Value on the Hydrothermal Degradation of Fructose

The hydrothermal treatment of sugars features a promising technology for the production of fine and platform chemicals from renewable resources. In this work the hydrothermal decomposition of fructose was studied in a buffered medium at a pH range between 2.2 and 8.0. It is demonstrated that at lower pH values mainly 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid and humin are generated, while lactic acid and acetic acid are produced at higher pH values. The work shows that the use of moderate acidic conditions may have advantages for the hydrothermal HMF production over the use of strongly acidic conditions, as especially the degradation into levulinic acid is suppressed. Besides, this study deals with a rather complex reaction network, hence limitations and need for adaption of the kinetic model are discussed.     

基于化学核心素养培养的高中有机实验教学

调查发现，当前对高中有机实验教学普遍重视不够，教师缺乏通过有机实验教学培养学生学科核心素养的意识。提出以下建议：深度解读课程标准，增强实验教学意识；发挥实验教学功能，设计课题式探究实验教学；把握有机教学特点，巧设问题探究性实验；培训教师实验技能，加强实验操作能力。     

实验优化设计Sr_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)的合成及长余辉特性

为了得到最长有效余辉时间的Sr_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)荧光粉,应用二次通用旋转组合设计对实验进行全程优化,建立了稀土离子掺杂浓度Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)和有效余辉时间的二元二次回归方程模型,应用遗传算法计算得到有效余辉时间的理论最大值.采用高温固相法合成了最优掺杂浓度Sr_2MgSi_2O_7:0.5mol%Eu~(2+),1.0mol%Dy~(3+)的荧光粉,在370nm激发下观察到了465nm的特征发射,这归因于Eu~(2+)的4f65d1—4f7跃迁.测量了最优荧光粉的热释发光特性,计算得到了陷阱深度为0.688eV,讨论了长余辉发光的特性.     

“聚丙烯酸酯的合成及降凝性能评价”综合实验能力考核平台

设计了以柴油中饱和烃含量及碳数分布测定、聚丙烯酸高级醇酯（PTA）的合成与纯化、PTA的红外表征与分子量测定、PTA降凝性能评价等4个模块组成的综合实验，作为化工专业实验的考核及成绩评定平台。这种考核方式将过程考核与结果考核融合，将笔试、操作、设计融合，可以全面准确地考核学生的有机合成、仪器分析等基础实验技能，同时考核综述、数据处理、实验设计等综合实验能力和实验室工作素质。此外，还能够有效训练学生的学习能力、解决问题能力、实践能力和创新能力，并促进了实验教学水平提高。     

应用浮动冲击平台考核舰载设备响应分析

为研究安装甲板模拟器的浮动冲击平台系统考核舰载设备的机理，对整个系统建立有限元模型进行数值模拟并建立力学模型进行了理论分析。根据船体甲板结构产生的垂向低通滤波特性，提出甲板模拟器具有减缓高频冲击并满足设备安装频率要求的作用。将被试设备的浮动冲击平台考核系统简化为有阻尼的三自由度系统强迫振动模型，通过拉普拉斯变换方法求解了不同冲击环境下被试设备的响应。数值模拟与理论计算结果比较吻合，被试设备响应迅速达到峰值后逐渐衰减，振动频率由高频向低频过渡，在分析浮动冲击平台舰载设备考核系统长时间响应时需考虑阻尼的影响。     

Renewability is not Enough: Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Monomers and Polymers

Taking advantage of the structural diversity of different biomass resources, recent efforts were directed towards the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers, either for the substitution of petroleum‐based resources or for the design of novel polymers. Not only the use of biomass, but also the development of sustainable chemical approaches is a crucial aspect for the production of sustainable materials. This review discusses the recent examples of chemical modifications and polymerizations of abundant biomass resources with a clear focus on the sustainability of the described processes. Topics such as synthetic methodology, catalysis, and development of new solvent systems or greener alternative reagents are addressed. The chemistry of vegetable oil derivatives, terpenes, lignin, carbohydrates, and sugar‐based platform chemicals was selected to highlight the trends in the active field of a sustainable use of renewable resources.