Crown evolution kinematics of a camellia oil droplet impacting on a liquid layer

The phenomenon of droplet impact on an immiscible liquid is encountered in a variety of scenarios in nature and industrial production. Despite exhaustive research, it is not fully clear how the immiscibility of the liquid on which a droplet impacts affects the crown evolution. The present work experimentally investigates the evolution kinematics of a crown formed by the normal impact of a camellia oil droplet on an immiscible water layer. Based on discussion of dynamic impact behaviors for three critical Weber numbers (We), the radius of the crown and its average spreading velocity are compared with those of previous theoretical models to discuss their applicability to the immiscible liquid. The evolution kinematics (morphology and velocity) are analyzed by considering the effects of the We and layer thickness. Furthermore, the ability of crown expansion in radial and vertical directions is characterized by a velocity ratio. The results show that our experimental crown radius still follows a square-root function of evolution time, which agrees with the theoretical predictions. The dimensionless average spreading velocity decreases with We and follows a multivariate power law, while the dimensionless average rising velocity remains constant. The velocity ratio is shown to linearly increase with We, demonstrating that the rising movement in crown evolution gradually enhances with We. These results are helpful for further investigation on the droplet impact on an immiscible liquid layer.     

Microextraction of metal ions based on solidification of a floating drop: Basics and recent updates

This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) procedures for metal ions preconcentration and their contributions to green chemistry. In this article we focused on the modifications that have been performed in the recent years to improve this environmentally friendly procedure. Among the most important of these modifications are the inclusion of ultrasonic energy, vortex and air agitation to enhance the dispersion process. The article also discussed new challenges in the procedure by using more ecofriendly solvents as extractants such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic. and supramolecular solvents. The coupling of SFODME with solid phase extraction increases selectivity and efficiency of the preconcentration procedure.     

Finite element computations of viscoelastic two-phase flows using local projection stabilization

A three-field local projection stabilized (LPS) finite element method is developed for computations of a three-dimensional axisymmetric buoyancy driven liquid drop rising in a liquid column where one of the liquid is viscoelastic. The two-phase flow is described by the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, whereas the viscoelasticity is modeled by the Giesekus constitutive equation in a time-dependent domain. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation with finite elements is used to solve the governing equations in the time-dependent domain. Interface-resolved moving meshes in ALE allows to incorporate the interfacial tension force and jumps in the material parameters accurately. A one-level LPS based on an enriched approximation space and a discontinuous projection space is used to stabilize the numerical scheme. A comprehensive numerical investigation is performed for a Newtonian drop rising in a viscoelastic fluid column and a viscoelastic drop rising in a Newtonian fluid column. The influence of the viscosity ratio, Newtonian solvent ratio, Giesekus mobility factor, and the Eötvös number on the drop dynamics are analyzed. The numerical study shows that beyond a critical Capillary number, a Newtonian drop rising in a viscoelastic fluid column experiences an extended trailing edge with a cusp-like shape and also exhibits a negative wake phenomena. However, a viscoelastic drop rising in a Newtonian fluid column develops an indentation around the rear stagnation point with a dimpled shape.     

纳米流体液滴撞击壁面铺展动力学特性研究

纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的铺展动力学特性是基于液滴沉积实现高效传热传质过程的关键因素,然而由于纳米流体的非牛顿流变特性及液滴内微流动与纳米颗粒的耦合作用,目前对纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的铺展动力学行为缺乏足够的认识.本研究利用了两步法分别配制了分散有3种纳米颗粒的均匀稳定纳米流体(碳纳米管、石墨烯、纳米石墨粉),并对流体的流变特性进行了测量分析.利用显微高速数码摄像技术捕捉了液滴撞击固体壁面的动态过程,通过图像处理技术分析铺展过程中液滴的无量纲高度、铺展因子及动态接触角,探究了液滴在韦伯数约为200及800时撞击壁面后铺展沉积形态的演变规律.研究表明,3种不同纳米颗粒的加入均使基液表现出明显的剪切变稀特性,在液滴撞击壁面的铺展过程中,流体的剪切黏度起重要作用,液滴的无量纲高度和铺展因子的变化幅度随着纳米流体剪切黏度的增大而减小.纳米流体液滴撞击疏水表面时能更快的达到平衡状态,液滴的惯性力主导着液滴的初始铺展阶段,液滴的铺展范围和速度随撞击速度的增大而增大.开展该研究能够为基于液滴沉积的增益冷却技术以及微型高导热及导电材料的制造提供理论依据和技术指导.      

Enhanced headspace single drop microextraction method using deep eutectic solvent based magnetic bucky gels: Application to the determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in water and urine samples

A facile headspace single drop microextraction method was developed using deep eutectic solvent‐based magnetic bucky gel as the extraction solvent for the first time. The hydrophobic magnetic bucky gel was formed by combining choline chloride/chlorophenol deep eutectic solvent and magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. Magnetic susceptibility, high viscosity, high sorbing ability, and tunable extractability of organic analytes are the desirable advantages of the prepared gel. Using a rod magnet as a suspensor in combination with the magnetic susceptibility of the prepared gel resulted in a highly stable droplet. This stable droplet eliminated the possibility of drop dislodgement. The prepared droplet made it possible to complete the extraction process in high temperatures and elevated agitation rates. Furthermore, using larger micro‐droplet volumes without any operational problems became possible. These facts resulted in shorter sample preparation time, higher sensitivity of the method, and lower detection limits. Under the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 520–587, limit of detection of 0.05–0.90 ng/mL, and linearity range of 0.2–2000 ng/mL (coefficient of determination = 0.9982–0.9995) were obtained. Relative standard deviations were < 10%. This method was successfully coupled with gas chromatography and used for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers as harmful volatile organic compounds in water and urine samples.     

正电子冲击下氦电离三重微分截面的理论计算

我们发展了一种正电子碰撞原子电离的畸变波Born近似方法， 在这个方法中，正负电子偶素通道通过一个ab initio的光学势附加到入射粒子和靶的相互作用势上，且通道对电离作用被第一次被考虑在正电子碰撞原子电离的过程中. 应用这个方法计算了在50 eV入射能量范围氦的电离的三重微分截面，计算结果和实验数据很好的符合.     

Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Copper–Water Nanofluid Flow Inside a Pin Channel

Influences of simultaneous utilization of pin channel and copper–water nanofluid on performance of plate-fin heat exchangers were experimentally explored and compared with results obtained for the base fluid flow inside a plain channel. Experimental results clearly indicate that compared with the plain channel, the pin channel significantly improves the thermal-hydraulic performance of the plate-fin heat exchanger, about 38%. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient as well as pressure drop are increased by using the nanofluids instead of the base fluid. Noticeable average performance factor of 1.65 is obtained for the simultaneous utilization of pin channel and nanofluid inside the plate-fin heat exchanger.     

Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic loads and pressure distribution during a pyramid water entry

In the maritime environment slamming is a phenomenon known as short duration impact of water on a floating or sailing structure. Slamming loads are local and could induce very high local stresses. This paper reports a series of impact test results and investigate the slamming loads and pressures acting on a square based pyramid. In this study the slamming tests have been conducted at constant velocity impact with a hydraulic high speed shock machine. This specific experimental equipment avoids the deceleration of the structure observed usually during water entry with drop tests. Three velocities of the rigid pyramid have been used (10, 13 and 15 m s⁻¹). Time-histories of local pressures, accelerations and slamming loads were successfully measured. The relationship between the pressure magnitude and the impact velocity is obtained and the spatial distribution of pressures on pyramid sides is characterized. The impact velocity was found to have a negligible influence in predicting the maximum pressure coefficient.     

Enhanced interfacial adhesion between PMMA and carbon fiber by graphene oxide coating

The purpose of this study is to increase the interfacial properties in PMMA/carbon fiber (PMMA/CF) composites Graphene oxide (GO) and brached polyethyleneimine were coated onto the surface of carbon fiber by layer-by-layer assembly in this work. Compared with the origin PMMA/CF composite, the composites reinforced by PMMA/CF–GO showed significant enhancement in interFacial shear strength (IFSS). The improved fiber–matrix adhesion was proved by fracture morphology observation of scanning electron microscopy and almost unaffected mechanical properties of the fiber itself during the coating process. The optimal assembly time was found to be 10 for enhancing the overall composite mechanical performance.     

轴向冲击载荷下薄壁折纹管的屈曲模态与吸能

在方管的基础上引入折纹结构, 利用几何关系建立折纹管的折角公式。采用LS-DYNA软件研究了6种折纹管在轴向冲击下的屈曲模态与能量吸收性能, 并与方管进行对比分析。结果表明, 折纹管在冲击载荷作用下屈曲变形过程可分为3个阶段, 初始峰值阶段、稳定渐进屈曲阶段和密实化阶段。折角是影响初始峰值载荷和平均载荷的重要因素之一, 折纹结构的引入有效的降低了初始峰值载荷, 减小了冲击力的波动幅度; 折纹管的比吸能低于方管, 但是在特定折角下, 折纹管的压缩力效率和比总体效率高于方管。