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1.
We consider parametric optimization problems from an algebraic viewpoint. The idea is to find all of the critical points of an objective function thereby determining a global optimum. For generic parameters (data) in the objective function the number of critical points remains constant. This number is known as the algebraic degree of an optimization problem. In this article, we go further by considering the inverse problem of finding parameters of the objective function so it gives rise to critical points exhibiting a special structure. For example if the critical point is in the singular locus, has some symmetry, or satisfies some other algebraic property. Our main result is a theorem describing such parameters.  相似文献   
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Polymer electrolytes have attracted great interest for next-generation lithium-based batteries on account of safety and high energy density. In this review, we assess recent progress on the design of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes in high voltage lithium batteries and identify possible side reactions between PEO-based electrolytes and existing cathodes. We provide an overview of the ways to enhance high voltage resistance of PEO-based electrolytes. Those include components blend, molecular design and interface modification. With these efforts, we want to present new insights into rational design of PEO-based electrolytes to develop solid-state lithium batteries for advanced performance.  相似文献   
4.
In this paper, blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been elucidated, with a focus on the degradation characteristics of the emission layer (EML). The operational stability against electrical stress was investigated for two host materials and four doping concentrations, which were used as the EML. The operating stability of the devices was confirmed by comparing the peak capacitance before and after degradation. Devices using bis [2-(diphenyl-phosphino) phenyl] ether oxide (DPEPO) as a host exhibited poor degradation characteristics. However, high stability was confirmed when 3,3-di (9H-carba-zol-9-yl)-biphenyl (mCBP) was used. DPEPO host devices are most resistant against performance degradation when they are doped with 10 wt% 10,10'-(4,4′-sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMAC-DPS). We successfully determined the electroluminescence characteristics of the device depending on the host material, as well as the doping concentration, using the capacitance–voltage method.  相似文献   
5.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA)) is a temperature-responsive copolymer that is expected to be applicable as an advanced functional polymeric material in various fields. In this study, a novel method was developed to control the responsive temperature of poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA) using an ultrasonic polymerization technique. Initially, the behavior of the reaction was investigated using NIPAM and HEMA monomers under ultrasonic irradiation. A high ultrasonic power was found to produce a high reaction rate and low number average molecular weight of the copolymer. The polydispersity of the synthesized copolymer was approximately 1.5 for all ultrasonic powers examined. In the early stage of the reaction, the molar fraction of NIPAM in the copolymer was lower than the initial molar fraction of the monomers. It was concluded that ultrasonic irradiation affected the initiation reaction and polymer degradation, but did not affect the propagation reaction. Furthermore, the effect of the ultrasonic irradiation conditions on the temperature responsiveness of the copolymer was investigated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer was found to increase with increasing ultrasonic irradiation time. In addition, in the early stages of the reaction, the measured values of the LCST were higher than the estimated values using copolymer composition. This can be attributed to some parts of the copolymer chain possessing a higher NIPAM fraction than the overall fraction due to different reactivities of the monomers and terminated radicals. This hypothesis was indirectly verified by the synthesis of a block copolymer from the PNIPAM homopolymer and HEMA monomer.  相似文献   
6.
The data clustering problem consists in dividing a data set into prescribed groups of homogeneous data. This is an NP-hard problem that can be relaxed in the spectral graph theory, where the optimal cuts of a graph are related to the eigenvalues of graph 1-Laplacian. In this paper, we first give new notations to describe the paths, among critical eigenvectors of the graph 1-Laplacian, realizing sets with prescribed genus. We introduce the pseudo-orthogonality to characterize m3(G), a special eigenvalue for the graph 1-Laplacian. Furthermore, we use it to give an upper bound for the third graph Cheeger constant h3(G), that is, h3(G) 6 m3(G). This is a first step for proving that the k-th Cheeger constant is the minimum of the 1-Laplacian Raylegh quotient among vectors that are pseudo-orthogonal to the vectors realizing the previous k - 1 Cheeger constants. Eventually, we apply these results to give a method and a numerical algorithm to compute m3(G), based on a generalized inverse power method.  相似文献   
7.
对于Kahler曲面(M,g)上的β-辛临界曲面Σ,如果存在q>3使得Lq(Σ)有界,那么我们对Σ上的Kahler角给出一个上界估计,该估计只依赖于M,q,β和Σ的Lq泛函.当q>4时,这个估计是已知的,我们的结果推广了q的范围.  相似文献   
8.
In this work, the isolation step in the linear ion trap was performed using different “q values” conditions at a low collision-induced dissociation (CID) energy leading to the parent ion resolution improvements, reasonably due to better ion energy distribution. According to the results, we obtained a greater resolution and mass accuracy operating in both traditional electrospray and low voltage ionization near the q value = 0.778 and with a CID energy of 10%. This effect was evaluated with low-molecular-mass compounds (skatole and arginine). The proposed optimization yielded a superior instrument performance without adding technological complexity to mass spectrometry analyses.  相似文献   
9.
In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship modeling between chemical fingerprints and antirheumatic activity was established, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Taxilli Herba (TH) from different hosts. Characteristic fingerprints of 20 batches of TH samples were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and the similarity analysis was calculated based on thirteen common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Subsequently, nine efficacy markers were discovered by combining fingerprints and antirheumatic activity through grey correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). Meanwhile, the content of 5 constituents in 9 markers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The comprehensive quality of TH was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that a high dose of TH extract could markedly ameliorate arthritis damage compared to other doses, with flavonoids playing an important role in the antirheumatic activity. The comprehensive quality of samples from Morus alba L. (SS) was superior to those from Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS). The present study will demonstrate the markers associated with efficacy, and provide an applicable strategy for more comprehensive quality control and evaluation of TH.  相似文献   
10.
王保强 《化学教育》2019,40(11):48-52
结合实例介绍了基于波普尔证伪思想视角下的化学课堂教学,具体教学形式包括:教学预设与生成不一致时,用证实或证伪进行验证;教学设计中埋下教学冲突,给学生创造出证伪机会;充分利用实验探究功能,通过证伪提升原理认识;引导学生自主合作学习时,相互质疑、讨论、释疑、证伪。波普尔证伪思想对化学教学具有一定的启示作用:发展学生的批判思维是化学教学的应有之义;培育学生的创新意识是化学教学的重要职责。  相似文献   
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