带套筒构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头的密封性研究

本文对直径为100mm带套筒构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头的强度进行了计算和实验分析研究.计算研究中根据在符合实际工程下确定带套筒构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头密封部位的应力和位移,以及对管道密封性能的影响;实验研究中根据对直径为100mm带套筒构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头进行符合实际工况的试验,测量绝缘接头密封部位的应力和位移,以及密封圈的受损程度.对计算和实验结果进行分析比较,确定带套筒构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头在装配中的最小预紧力,分析在不同因素作用下管道绝缘接头的安全性,并为其它直径类型带套管构件埋地燃气管道绝缘接头的设计提供可靠的依据.     

Friction factor and holdup studies for lubricated pipelining—I. Experiments and correlations

Results from new experiments on the lubricated pipelining of emulsified waxy crude oil and No. 6 fuel oil are presented and compared with other sources of literature. A correlation formula which estimates the holdup fraction is introduced and evaluated for all available experimental data. A simple theory is given which is based on the concentric core-annular flow model and leads to a Reynolds number and friction factor which reduce a large body of experimental data onto one curve; with the best results in the high Reynolds number flow regime.     

光纤检测系统在燃气管道应力、位移实验分析中的应用

城市燃气管道是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,由于城市路面车流量的增加、道路的路况以及管道本身材质的缺陷,在长期的工作环境下,埋入地下的管道受到了各种力的作用,其受力情况十分复杂。目前管道的埋深和管道本身的设计是根据设计人员的经验或者简单理论分析来确定的,遇到沉降因素复杂的特殊地段管道,其安全就不能保证,所以有必要进行实验分析。本文通过特殊地段管道的模拟试验,分析了在不同沉降因素作用下管道的安全性,试验中应用光纤检测系统及电测系统同时进行检测,两者的分析结果相近,为燃气管道沉降参数监测与预报系统的建立奠定实验基础。     

Analysis model to simulate the cracked pipe buried in soil

This paper describes the use of the finite element method to simulate crack propagation in a pipeline in the presence of soil backfill. Since typical values for soil modulus are known, a spring element can be used to simulate the effects of backfilled soil on crack propagation. This consists of the relationship between the soil property and the stiffness of the spring element, and the effect of backfill depth on the crack propagation in the pipes. By equating crack driving force,G, in the presence of soil, to the dynamic fracture toughness of the pipeline material, a theoretical predictive capability is obtained for the first time for the gas transmission and distribution pipelines. Numerical calculations have also been carried out for the cracked pipe with backfill and without backfill.     

腐蚀管道的可靠度分析方法研究

对腐蚀管道的模糊可靠度计算方法进行了深入研究，提出了确定性可靠度和模糊可靠度两个基本概念；提出了基于断裂失效判据、基于FAD失效评估图和基于剩余强度3种方法计算模糊可靠度的方法；提出了3种新的方法计算确定性可靠度，即改进的JC法、GA—JC法和改进的Monte-Carlo法．以胜利油田某试验区已加入缓蚀剂的注水管道为例，采用本文建立的计算模糊可靠度的3种计算方法和确定性可靠度的3种方法，分别计算注水管道可靠度随着时间的变化趋势．在模糊可靠度的3种计算方法中，基于剩余强度失效方法比较适中，是计算模糊可靠度较好的方法；在确定性可靠度的3种计算方法中，改进的Monte-Carlo法较好．     

Nonlinear Equations of Motion of an Extensible Underground Pipeline: Derivation and Numerical Modeling

Slow motion of a pipeline modeled by a bent rod in a viscous medium is studied. It is assumed that the displacements of the axial line of the rod are finite and its strains are small. The mutual influence of the tensile axial force and transverse deflections is taken into account. Equations of motion are derived and some numerical examples are considered. An approximate estimate of stresses in the pipeline wall is given.     

管内固-液两相流动阻力特性影响因素的敏感性分析

在浆体管道的工程设计中，管道阻力损失是一项关键参数。在大量实验的基础上，本文根据取得的有关实验成果，对影响管内固-液两相流动阻力的4个最主要因素-管径D、颗粒比重S、浆体浓度Cv和倾角θ进行了深入探讨，并采用多因素分析法比较了它们对于固体物料管道水力输送阻力输送阻力损失的影响程度大小关系，从而为在工程设计降低管道输送阻力提供了主要调整手段。     

PLASTIC LIMIT LOAD ANALYSIS OF DEFECTIVE PIPELINES

The integrity assessment of defective pipelines represents a practically important task of structural analysis and design in various technological areas, such as oil and gas industry, power plant engineering and chemical factories. An iterative algorithm is presented for the kinematic limit analysis of 3-D rigid-perfectly plastic bodies. A numerical path scheme for radial loading is adopted to deal with complex multi-loading systems. The numerical procedure has been applied to carry out the plastic collapse analysis of pipelines with part-through slot under internal pressure, bending moment and axial force. The effects of various shapes and sizes of part-through slots on the collapse loads of pipelines are systematically investigated and evaluated. Some typical failure modes corresponding to different configurations of slots and loading forms are studied.     

Cavitation onset caused by a dynamic pressure wave in liquid pipelines

When liquids flow in the pipelines, the onset of cavitation can be characterized by a variant of the Euler number known as the cavitation number (CN), which is based on the velocity and denoted by C in this paper. Conventionally, cavitation is considered to be induced when C ~ 1. However, experimental observations and several pipe bursts indicate that the CN may incorrectly predict the onset of cavitation. For example, when leakage occurs in the pipeline or a valve in the pipeline is opened, the resultant pressure loss generates a dynamic pressure wave with a small amplitude, which may lead to bubble formation, even though C ~ 1 is not satisfied. Hence, this paper proposes another CN based on the amplitude of the generated dynamic pressure wave, rather than the velocity, for ascertaining the onset of cavitation. The validity of the proposed CN was verified through experiments and a case study. The results indicated that the proposed CN can be effectively used for cavitation prediction induced by pressure fluctuations and for investigating phenomena such as pressure fluctuation, leakage, and corrosion in liquid pipelines, tanks, and pressure vessels, as well as the safety design of liquefied natural gas tanks and tankers.     

一种新的磁共振图像处理流水线的设计与实现

磁共振图像的重建、后处理及可视化是磁共振成像（MRI）系统的重要组成部分.本文开发了一个新的用于磁共振图像重建、后处理及可视化的开源框架YAP（Yet Another Pipeline），利用此框架可以方便地构建图像处理流水线.与现有的一些其他开源框架相比，本文开发的框架具有如下特点：（1）采用基于接口的设计，可使用基于接口的插件对流水线的功能进行扩展；（2）允许用户使用编写脚本的方式构建图像处理流水线，编辑与修改流水线都很方便；（3）支持带有分支结构的流水线，便于流水线的构建与调试.目前，该框架已经在商用系统中获得了应用.