可扩展的冲击—接触并行计算研究

冲击—接触计算模型在汽车碰撞、金属成型等的模拟计算中有着广泛的应用，鉴于冲击—接触计算过程复杂和计算量大，本文在分布式可扩展的并行计算平台上，设计并实现了冲击—接触的并行计算。算例证明，计算平台稳定可靠，算法简单实用，且具有较好的并行效率和可扩展性。     

An explicit finite difference procedure for contact-impact analysis of crack edges

Summary A finite difference procedure is proposed to simulate the frictional contact-impact response of crack edges. The procedure takes into account in an explicit way separation, stick contact and slip contact of the crack edges. Numerical examples are presented to show the influence of the contactimpacting of crack edges on the history of dynamic stress intensity factors.     

钢轨轨缝接触-冲击的有限元分析

基于弹性点支承梁模型，采用三维非线性动力分析有限元程序ANSYS／LS-DYNA3D，建立了轮轨轨缝处接触一冲击有限元分析模型，通过模拟车轮经过轨缝时冲击钢轨接头的过程，研究了冲击过程中轨头的应力分布情况．结果表明：车轮冲击钢轨接头时，轮轨间最大垂向接触力出现在冲击开始后0．5ms左右，约为静载时的2．6倍，且在一定时间段里，轮轨间出现瞬时脱离现象．同时，轮轨间接触力及各种最大应力均随着轴重的增加成正比增大；当车轮冲击轨端瞬时，最大Von Mises等效应力出现在轨端头部，约为静接触时的3倍；最大剪应力发生在离轨顶面5mm处．研究结果对于揭示轨头的冲击破坏机理和改善铁路轨缝连接方式具有指导作用．     

Dynamics of flexible mechanical systems with contact-impact and plastic deformations

A computer based formulation for the analysis of mechanical systems is investigated as a feasible method to predict the impact response of complex structural systems. A general methodology for the dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible multibody systems using a number of redundant Cartesian coordinates and the method of the Lagrange multipliers is presented. The component mode synthesis is then used to reduce the number of flexible degrees of freedom. In many impact situations, the individual structural members are overloaded giving rise to plastic deformations in highly localized regions, called plastic hinges. This concept is used by associating revolute nonlinear actuators with constitutive relations corresponding to the collapse behavior of the structural components. The contact of the system components is described using a continuous force model based on the Hertz contact law with hysteresis damping. The effect and importance of structural damping schemes in flexible bodies are also addressed here. Finally, the validity of this methodology is assessed by comparing the results of the proposed models with those obtained in different experimental tests where: a beam collides transversally with a rigid block; a torque box impacts a rigid barrier.     

冲击-动力接触问题有限元方法的几点注记

讨论了应用Newmark-β直接积分法求解冲击-动力接触问题在初始接触和初始分离时进行修正的必要性;证明了基于Newmark方法的有效刚度阵的正定性,导出了关于接触力向量的有效柔度方程,从而把动力接触迭代过程凝缩到接触面上,提高了计算的效率;算例包括两杆冲击问题和两圆盘冲击问题。     

基于八叉树的全局接触搜索算法研究

接触搜索是接触-碰撞问题有限元模拟中最为耗时的部分,高效的接触搜索算法是提高数值分析效率的关键。以面心坐标和特征长度表征接触主片,并引入树包围盒和从节点包围盒的概念,基于八叉树算法发展了一种高效的全局接触搜索方法,计算复杂度为O(Nlog8M),其中N为从节点数,M为接触主片数。程序实现时,通过引入接触预搜索和相邻搜索方式加速搜索速度。本文算法基于PANDA-Impact软件实现,并进行了算例验证分析。结果表明,本文算法具有很好的接触搜索效率与适用性,与桶排序算法相比,当接触复杂且规模较大时,本文算法表现出较大的优势。     

An improved contact-impact algorithm for explicit integration FEM

Although the penalty algorithm is simple and direct in concept, it has a defect that the contact forces are badly dependent on the chosen penalty factor. An improved contact-impact algorithm for the explicit integration FEM is proposed in the present paper. Based on the fact that bodies cannot penetrate into each other on the contact faces, a set of equations with the additional unknown contact forces on the slave nodes can be formed in a new system configuration. By solving these equations, the correct contact forces could be obtained without using the penalty factor.     

控制棒驱动机构步跃提升碰撞的动力学建模

控制棒驱动机构(CRDM)在步跃提升时,钩爪部件会与承压壳体上的提升磁极发生面面碰撞。本文基于混合坐标法建立控制棒驱动机构有限元离散的刚-柔耦合动力学方程,用罚函数法计算了钩爪部件与承压壳体之间的碰撞力和应力分布情况。结果表明,刚柔耦合多体方法在仿真小变形碰撞时可以提高计算效率,同时又能达到与有限元方法同等的精度。进一步对碰撞模型不同区域的网格疏密和尺寸大小做了定量分析,得到了降低有限元网格数量的方法,可为工程中碰撞模型的网格划分提供参考。     

一种基于面-面局部搜索的接触算法

接触-碰撞算法是影响动态接触问题数值分析精度的重要因素,发展健壮、精确的局部搜索算法对提高数值模拟精度具有重要意义。为解决点-面接触搜索算法存在的盲区问题,提出了一种基于面-面的局部搜索算法,并发展了相应的接触力计算方法。新的接触算法以面心坐标与特征长度表征接触片,进行预搜索快速排除不会发生接触的潜在接触对;利用主从接触片的投影与侵入深度关系确定接触片间的接触状态;利用等参逆变换解析给出接触点,避免了方程组的迭代求解。典型算例与工程实例计算表明,本文算法消除了接触搜索的盲区,具有很好的健壮性与计算精度。