汽配件颜色喷涂顺序问题的TSP转化与建模

汽配件颜色喷涂顺序问题通常以生产线上相邻汽配件颜色切换次数少为最优目标,以进一步降低生产成本.该类问题具有所有汽配件都必须喷涂一次且只喷涂一次的特点,为此提出了TSP转化与建模的方法.将待喷涂汽配件定义为TSP顶点,任意两个待喷涂汽配件的颜色切换定义为顶点的距离,仿照TSP问题构建0-1规划模型;类似于顶点距离,将某些汽配件的颜色或类别不相邻要求定义为0-1矩阵,巧妙地构造了喷涂生产的约束条件.该建模方法简单快速,通用性高,适用于具有类似特点的各类生产实践问题.     

多片导模法蓝宝石晶体的缺陷研究

使用导模法(EFG)生长了多片a面蓝宝石晶体。显微拉曼光谱结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测试得出晶体的气泡中可能存在含S化合物。晶体表面明显的生长条纹主要与温度、生长速度的波动以及模具的加工精度有关。化学腐蚀分析表明晶体位错密度在4.2×10⁴ cm^-2,未存在小角度晶界缺陷,双晶摇摆曲线半峰宽(FWHM)为70.63″。由于采用石墨保温材料,晶体中存在F心与F⁺色心。晶体在400~3 000 nm波段透过率高于80%,空气中退火后可减弱色心吸收。本文研究结果可为蓝宝石晶体缺陷形成理论研究提供参考,也可为导模法蓝宝石工业生产技术改进提供借鉴。     

Heteroleptic [Cu(NN)P2]+-type cuprous complexes and their structural modulation on phosphorescent color: Synthesis,structural characterization,properties, and theoretical calculations

Four new heteroleptic [Cu(NN)P₂]⁺-type cuprous complexes— 1 -TPP, 2 -POP, 3 -Xantphos, and 4 -DPPF—were designed and synthesized using a diimine ligand 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzoxazole (2-PBO) and different phosphine ligands (TPP, triphenylphosphine; POP, bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether; Xantphos, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; DPPF, 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene). All complexes were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic analysis (infrared, UV–Vis.), elemental analysis, and photoluminescence (PL). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed complexes 1 – 4 as isolated cation complex structures with a tetrahedral CuN₂P₂ coordination geometry and diverse P–Cu–P angles. Their UV–Vis. absorption spectra exhibited a blue-shift sequence in wavelength with an enlarged P–Cu–P angle from 4 to 2 then to 3 and then to 1 . The PL emission peaks of 1 – 3 also exhibited a similar blue-shift sequence ( 2 → 3 → 1 ). Their PL lifetime in microseconds (~7.5, 5.1, and 4.7 μs for 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively) indicated that their PL behavior represents phosphorescence. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation and wavefunction analysis revealed that S₁ and T₁ states of 1 – 3 should be assigned as metal–ligand and ligand–ligand charge-transfer (ML + L'L)CT states. Their UV–Vis. absorption and phosphorescence should be attributed to the charge transfer from the P–Cu–P segment to the 2-PBO ligand. Therefore, as the P–Cu–P angle increased (lower HOMO), the energy of S₁ and T₁ states also increased, following the change of PL color.     

苗族服饰色彩体系构建研究

色彩是民族服饰的核心要素，也是民族文化元素的重要组成部分，构建一套兼具科学性与实用性的色彩体系极具挑战性。在传统色彩地理学方法基础上，通过提取主题色和改进的关联规则挖掘方法，获取色彩数据、寻找色彩规则，并对其进行自然色彩体系（NCS）编谱分析，构建了一套苗族服饰色彩体系（Miao’s costume color system,MCCS）。该体系有助于进一步挖掘苗族服饰的配色规律，实现对苗族服饰色彩的数字化保护，为民族服饰色彩传承机理的探索与研究提供新的思路。     

Synergistic Effects of Pseudocolor Imaging,Differentiation, and Square and Logarithmic Conversion on Accuracy of Quantification of Chemical Characteristics Using Test Strips and Similar Products

Test strips and similar products are highly feasible tools for the rapid and approximate determination of chemical characteristics. Although the application of both the quantitative observation of coloration and regression modeling has recently enabled these products to become quantitative tools, their precision and accuracy may be further improved. In this study, the pseudocolor imaging of the coloration image, derivative spectrophotometry-like differentiation of the coloration values, and logarithmic conversion of the raw and derivative values were compared in terms of the precision and accuracy of the quantitative determination of corrosiveness, glucose, nitrate, and pH using the products. The best regression models for the determination were provided by the combination of pseudocolor imaging and differentiation (nitrate and pH); pseudocolor imaging, differentiation, and square-conversion (corrosiveness); or all of the techniques (glucose). When compared to the use of the original 10 raw coloration variables of red-green-blue, cyan-magenta-yellow-key black, and L*a*b* color models only, the above combinations improved the normalized mean absolute error from 14.8% to 3.09% (corrosiveness), 6.33% to 3.15% (glucose), 7.46% to 4.56% (nitrate), and 3.22% to 0.94% (pH). These achievements were largely attributed to the combination of multiple variables that have non-linear and nonmonotonic relationships with the chemical characteristics.     

高分辨率微型星载相机光学系统的设计及应用

为了克服太空环境的复杂性，满足航天工程的空间使用要求，研制一款2 500万像素宽光谱共焦成像的微型星载相机光学系统。该系统适应卫星发射和在轨道运行的恶劣环境，具有抗冲击震动、耐太空高温差强辐射，体积小，质量轻等优点。设计的系统可在450 nm～800 nm的谱段内清晰成像，焦距181 mm，入瞳口径45 mm，视场角10.4°，边缘相对照度0.81，轴上点MTF:0.57@55 lp/mm，0.33@110 lp/mm，畸变1.2%，镜头质量622 g，外形尺寸Φ58.3 mm×117 mm，抗辐照性能≥5 krad。通过温度适应性的模拟和优化，用户进行?30 ℃～+70 ℃光学镜头热真空试验，可正常工作。该系统已成功应用于天宫二号伴飞卫星相机中，获得的图像清晰稳定，为空间遥感实验观测发挥了重要的作用。     

静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪光学系统设计

设计了由超大口径前置望远系统和超大视场光谱仪组成的超大口径高光谱海洋水色仪.前置望远系统采用同轴三反光学系统结构,口径为4 m,视场为0.64°,焦距为21.6 m,波段范围为400~1 000nm.超大视场光谱仪采用改进的Offner结构,视场为240mm,光谱分辨率为10nm.探测器像元尺寸为15μm×15μm,4片探测器交错拼接实现400km幅宽.超大视场光谱仪在400~1 000nm的宽波段内,点列图半径的均方根值均小于3.9μm,静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪全系统不同波长的MTF在33.3lp/mm处大于0.52,各项指标均满足应用要求.