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1.
We investigate the possibility of phantom crossing in the dark energy sector and the solution for the Hubble tension between early and late universe observations. We use robust combinations of different cosmological observations, namely the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), local measurement of Hubble constant (H0), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and SnIa for this purpose. For a combination of CMB+BAO data that is related to early universe physics, phantom crossing in the dark energy sector was confirmed at a 95% confidence level and we obtained the constraint H0=71.03.8+2.9 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level, which is in perfect agreement with the local measurement by Riess et al. We show that constraints from different combinations of data are consistent with each other and all of them are consistent with phantom crossing in the dark energy sector. For the combination of all data considered, we obtained the constraint H0=70.25±0.78 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level and the phantom crossing happening at the scale factor am=0.8510.031+0.048 at a 68% confidence level.  相似文献   
2.
Amphiphilic aroma molecules, representatives of fragrance molecules, are introduced as dynamic volatile surfactants. Surface tension of their aqueous solutions proves to be a sensitive and revealing quantity, used for assessment of the adsorption-evaporation behavior both under equilibrium conditions and in regimes of no instantaneous equilibrium. Such volatile amphiphiles are characterized by fast adsorption from bulk solution at an air-water interface, on a timescale of tens of microseconds, and exhibit synergetic effect in mixtures with conventional micellar-forming surfactants. Their ability to evaporate from the interface on a time scale of minutes suggests their applications as “temporal” dynamic cosurfactants in technologies involving fast formation of new surfaces. Current challenges concern evaluation of specific material parameters of volatile aroma surfactants in order to enable their selection for targeted applications.  相似文献   
3.
以柴油为基液、溴化十六烷三甲基铵(Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide,CTAB)为助溶剂,通过两步法配制CNT(Carbon Nanotubc)、CeO2及Co3O4纳米燃油。采用悬滴法测量柴油与纳米燃油的表面张力,探究纳米物质种类、粒径、质量分数及温度对纳米燃油表面张力的影响。研究发现,在纳米燃油液滴气液界面层内,纳米粒子与柴油分子之间的吸引力使液固分子体系总体的内聚力增强,因而表面张力增大;纳米燃油的表面张力随着粒子质量分数增加而增强,但随着温度升高而线性下降。大粒径的纳米粒子表面电荷密度降低,对表面电子束缚减小,电子游离所产生的与柴油分子之间的极化静电相吸作用更强,使液粒之间的范德华力增强,表面张力增大。在相同质量分数的条件下,非金属CNT的密度较小,纳米燃油中的粒子数目较多,此外其得电子能力更强,极易使周围柴油分子极化形成静电吸引,液粒间范德华力增强,因此CNT纳米燃油的表面张力最大;同为金属氧化物,Co3O4的分子量大于CeO2而表现出较低的分子极性,其与基液燃油分子间的静电作用力也较弱,因而Co3O4纳米燃油的表面张力较低。本文测量了多种纳米燃油的表面张力,探讨了不同物质种类、浓度、尺寸的纳米介质及环境温度对燃油表面张力的影响,为纳米燃油在发动机缸内的液滴破碎与着火燃烧过程提供了重要的基础数据和理论支持。  相似文献   
4.
Two-dimensional van der Waals magnetic materials are intriguing for applications in the future spintronics devices, so it is crucial to explore strategy to control the magnetic properties. Here, we carried out first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effect of biaxial strain and hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic properties of the bilayer CrI3. We found that the magnetic anisotropy, intralayer and interlayer exchange interactions, and Curie temperature can be tuned by biaxial strain and hydrostatic pressure. Large compressive biaxial strain may induce a ferromagneticto-antiferromagnetic transition of both CrI3 layers. The hydrostatic pressure could enhance the intralayer exchange interaction significantly and hence largely boost the Curie temperature. The effect of the biaxial strain and hydrostatic pressure revealed in the bilayer CrI3 may be generalized to other two-dimensional magnetic materials.  相似文献   
5.
Self-assembly is a versatile bottom-up approach for fabricating novel supramolecular materials with well-defined nano- or micro-structures associated with functionalities. The oil-water interface provides an ideal venue for molecular and colloidal self-assembly. This paper gives an overview of various self-assembled materials, including nanoparticles, polymers, proteins, and lipids, at the oil-water interface. Focus has been given to fundamental principles and strategies for engineering the self-assembly process, such as control of pH, ionic strength and use of external fields, to achieve complex soft materials with desired functionalities, such as nanoparticle surfactants, structured liquids, and proteinosomes. It has been shown that self-assembly at the oil-water interface holds great promise for developing well-structured complex materials useful for many research and industrial applications.  相似文献   
6.
Interfacial layers have been widely applied to study the formation and stability of emulsion-based systems. However, the application of isolated interfaces to address digestibility of emulsions is often limited because of the complexity of experimental methods and results. This review summarizes the latest developments in analytical methods and literature data on effects of digestion on interfacial layers. Particular emphasis is given to understand the changes on interfacial magnitudes during oral, gastric, and duodenal digestion, either applied separately or sequentially. Limitations of interfacial aspects and key factors that influence emulsion microstructure in bulk and lipid digestion are identified. Understanding the behavior of interfacial layers upon gastrointestinal digestion promotes an accurate tracking of the physiological fate of emulsions.  相似文献   
7.
将专业综合实验与科研成果相结合,设计了新型表面活性剂的合成与表征综合化学实验。实验涉及含羟基基团的表面活性剂的合成、纯化、结构表征和性能测定等操作。该综合实验将有机化学基础知识、表面活性剂的基本性质与前沿科学研究相结合,从而实现学生实验技能的提升、认知视野的拓展和综合能力培养的目标。  相似文献   
8.
A novel control volume finite element method with adaptive anisotropic unstructured meshes is presented for three-dimensional three-phase flows with interfacial tension. The numerical framework consists of a mixed control volume and finite element formulation with a new P1DG-P2 elements (linear discontinuous velocity between elements and quadratic continuous pressure between elements). A “volume of fluid” type method is used for the interface capturing, which is based on compressive control volume advection and second-order finite element methods. A force-balanced continuum surface force model is employed for the interfacial tension on unstructured meshes. The interfacial tension coefficient decomposition method is also used to deal with interfacial tension pairings between different phases. Numerical examples of benchmark tests and the dynamics of three-dimensional three-phase rising bubble, and droplet impact are presented. The results are compared with the analytical solutions and previously published experimental data, demonstrating the capability of the present method.  相似文献   
9.
首先,对均布力作用下悬链线理论进行了深入分析研究,推导出求解水平张力单参数和双参数形式的隐含超越方程,在算法上验证了两种方程的等价性。对于悬链线固有的广义倾角、曲率半径、约束反力和水平张力的嵌入关系等给出了具有新意的表达公式。然后,建立了水平悬链线在对称集中力作用下的平衡方程,对于不同垂向集中力作用下水平张力的变化情况和最大垂直距离差所在水平位置随集中力的变化等进行了非线性计算。本文在理论构建和分析方面具有创新性,在理论探索和工程应用上具有重要意义。  相似文献   
10.
Ali Dogan 《哲学杂志》2019,99(15):1825-1848
The surface tensions of ternary and quaternary systems of Sn-based Pb-free solder alloys have been calculated using geometric models, such as Muggianu, Kohler, Chou’s general solution model (GSM), Toop, Guggenheim, ideal Butler and Butler models. It is observed from the calculation carried out in the present work that Sb and Bi contents decrease the surface tension of the solder alloys Sn-Zn-Sb-Bi. It is inferred from the statistical analysis that the best agreement between the experimental results and the corresponding calculated values of the surface tensions is generally observed in GSM and Muggianu models among the geometric models. Whereas Muggianu model is the most appropriate. Relatively good agreements have been observed between models considered in this study and experimental data.  相似文献   
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