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排序方式: 共有2515条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
甲氧基多溴联苯醚(methoxypolybrominated diphenyl ethers, MeO-PBDEs)广泛存在于生物体和海洋环境。以象山海域的生物体和沉积物为样本,采用固相萃取净化-气相色谱-负化学源质谱法,检测了6种MeO-PBDEs,结果显示,当目标分析物浓度为0.1~20.0 μg?L-1时,线性关系良好(R2>0.999),检出限为0.13~0.22 μg?kg-1,定量限为0.42~0.72 μg?kg-1,实际样品的平均回收率为71.2%~116.2%。MeO-PBDEs的分布状况调查结果显示,藻类样品中仅检出6-MeO-BDE-47,且浓度较低,其他生物体中检出3种MeO-PBDEs,检出率为31.3%,浓度为0.21~2.72 μg?kg-1。沉积物中无MeO-PBDEs被检出。 相似文献
2.
李恒 《中国无机分析化学》2022,12(4):34-39
大气中Pb、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni、Tl等重金属污染物是目前国内外城市大气污染的主要因子之一,研究大气降尘中重金属元素含量具有重大意义。本文采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸为消解体系,在105℃条件下用电热板消解回流大气降尘样品2小时后定容测定,通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱法仪(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定大气降尘中铅、镉、铬、锌、锰、镍、铜和铊等8种重金属元素。测定结果表明: ICP-AES(铅、镉、铬、锌、锰、镍、铜)和ICP-MS(铊)两种方法的曲线线性好,准确度高,测定范围宽,检出限在0.024mg/kg-0.548mg/kg之间,精密度在0.15%-2.38%之间,能准确测定大气降尘中的重金属元素含量。 相似文献
3.
大气压非平衡等离子体由于其独特的非平衡特性,可为甲烷和二氧化碳稳定温室气体分子活化和重整提供非热平衡和活化环境.本文采用了零维等离子体化学反应动力学模型,考虑了详细的CH4/CO2等离子体化学反应集,重点研究了反应气体CH4/CO2摩尔分数(5%—95%)对大气压非平衡等离子体甲烷干法重整制合成气和重要含氧化合物的影响.首先,给出了进料气体不同体积比时电子密度和温度随时间的演化规律,结果表明初始甲烷摩尔分数的提高有利于获得较高的电子密度和电子温度.随后,讨论了主要自由基和离子数密度在不同的甲烷摩尔分数下随着时间的变化规律,并给出了反应气体的转化率、合成气体和重要含氧化合物的选择性.此外,还明确了合成气和含氧化合物主要生成和损耗的化学反应路径,发现甲基和羟基是合成含氧化合物的关键中间体.最后,归纳总结给出了主要等离子体粒子之间的总体等离子体化学反应流程图. 相似文献
4.
Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g−1), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm−3), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m2∙g−1), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm−2, and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm−2). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm−2, the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm−2, and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm−2, its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g−1, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g−1) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries. 相似文献
5.
6.
Francesca Deganello Avesh Kumar Tyagi 《Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials》2018,64(2):23-61
Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is a worldwide used methodology for the preparation of inorganic ceramic and composite materials with controlled properties for a wide number of applications, from catalysis to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, from heavy metal removal to sensoristics and electronics. The high versatility and efficiency of this technique have led to the introduction of many variants, which allowed important optimization to the prepared materials. Moreover, its ecofriendly nature encouraged further studies about the use of sustainable precursors for the preparation of nanomaterials for energy and environment, according to the concept of circular economy. On the other hand, the large variety of expressions to define SCS and the often-contradictory definitions of the SCS parameters witnessed a scarce consciousness of the potentiality of this methodology. In this review article, the most important findings about SCS and the selection criteria for its main parameters are critically reviewed, in order to give useful guidelines to those scientists who want to use this methodology for preparing materials with improved or new functional properties. This review aims as well (i) to bring more clarity in the SCS terminology (ii) to increase the awareness of the SCS as a convenient tool for the synthesis of materials and (iii) to propose a new perspective in the SCS, with special attention to the use of ecofriendly procedures. Part of the review is also dedicated to precautions and limitations of this powerful methodology. 相似文献
7.
本文就日本遗弃在华化学武器销毁残渣元素分布进行了分类分析,并对残渣样品的砷形态进行检测。结果表明,黄剂及红剂销毁残渣样品中主要元素均为铁、铜、砷、钛、铅等,其中砷元素占比较大且危害最深。进一步对样品进行分析结果显示,残渣中砷形态主要为Fe-结合态、Ca-结合态、残渣态等。该实验结果为销毁残渣的二次处理提供了必要的技术支撑,在敦促日方改进销毁技术方面具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
8.
在管式反应器中采用苯甲酸、聚乙二醇、固体古马隆树脂(S)、液体古马隆树脂(L)为添加剂来降低煤沥青中有害物质苯并芘的含量,以期使得煤沥青可绿色化应用。采用紫外-可见分光光度计分析煤沥青中苯并芘含量。考察了反应温度、反应时间、添加剂添加量、催化剂等工艺条件对添加剂脱除煤沥青中苯并芘的影响。结果表明,不同工艺条件能降低煤沥青中苯并芘的含量。在优化条件下,不同添加剂对苯并芘脱除率由高到低依次为:液体古马隆树脂、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸和固体古马隆树脂。分析其反应机理,这与催化剂的酸性相关,发生亲电取代反应。结果表明,液体古马隆树脂(L)在催化剂存在下对煤沥青中苯并芘脱除率可达73.0%,显示了良好的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
Linhe Zhu Xiaoyuan Huang Ying Liu Zhengdi Zhang 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2021,493(2):124539
In the new social media era, it is becoming increasingly important to explore the propagation rules for rumors in social networks. This article is concerned with investigating a diffusive susceptible-infected rumor propagation model with a nonlinear propagation function in a spatially heterogeneous environment. We establish the uniform persistence and analyze the asymptotic behavior of the rumor-spreading steady state for the spatially heterogeneous model when one of the diffusion coefficients tends to zero. Moreover, to better reflect the effect of a time delay on the process of rumor propagation, we establish a spatially homogeneous model with a time delay and prove the existence and local stability of the corresponding equilibrium point. Furthermore, the optimal control in the spatially homogeneous environment case is derived. Finally, several numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results in both spatially heterogeneous and spatially homogeneous systems. 相似文献
10.
贴片式石英晶体振荡器广泛应用于各类电子和通信设备系统中。针对晶振在冲击环境中容易出现结构破坏而导致系统工作异常的问题,通过分析单自由度系统在不同频率冲击载荷作用下的响应特点,建立了结构的应力响应水平与相关冲击响应谱谱值之间的联系,获得了较已有结论更合理的损伤边界形式。根据典型晶振结构易损组件的力学特性建立对应的简化分析模型,得到了贴片晶振在大频率范围内的结构损伤边界。利用有限元仿真软件,对晶振结构在0.5~30 kHz频率范围内冲击载荷下的响应进行仿真分析,验证了该损伤边界的有效性。这也为以贴片晶振为代表的微小元器件在冲击环境下的可靠性研究提供了一种可行的方法。 相似文献