Cationic amino-containing N-isopropyl- acrylamide–styrene copolymer latex particles: 1-Particle size and morphology vs. polymerization process

 Cationic hydrophilic copolymer latexes were synthesized at 70 °C either by batch or two-step emulsifier-free emulsion poly-merization of styrene (St), N-iso-propylacrylamide (NIPAM), and aminoethylmethacrylate hydro-chloride (AEM) using 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as initiator. At first, batch polymerization kinetics were followed by gas chromatography (GC), revealing that NIPAM rapidly homopolymerized, before the polymerization of styrene had started. Particle size analysis by quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that monodispersed particles were obtained with the formation of a poly[NIPAM] rich shell. Adding a small amount of the cationic monomer caused a strong decrease of the particle size without affecting the size monodispersity. When a shot process was used, a narrow particle size distribution was maintained, provided that the monomer addition was performed at a relatively high conversion of the first batch step. The poly[NIPAM] rich shell layer was larger with the shot process, but increasing the amino-containing monomer in the recipe resulted in a dramatic decrease of the thickness. Combination of transmission, scanning and atomic force microscopy techniques showed that these hydrophilic particles exhibited odd-shaped structures, the unevenness being dependent upon the performed process. Kinetic data and particle morphology information were inferred for discussion of the polymerization mechanism of this system. Received: 21 August 1997 Accepted: 22 October 1997     

皮尔斯电子枪非迭代综合法的修正

 对Tiwary非迭代综合法进行了整理分析,根据阴极半锥角大小的不同范围对其计算公式做出了相应修正,使得计算结果与Vaughan迭代综合法的计算结果相吻合,二者之间相差可以实现小于1°;对阳极半径公式也做了合理的修正,使阳极与阴极之间的间隙及电子枪射程的计算精度也与迭代综合法相当。采用非迭代法的修正方法计算精度受阴极半锥角大小的影响大大减小,扩大了其应用范围。     

电磁轨道发射器连续发射的滑动电接触

从滑动电接触电阻大小的角度,详细分析了在时序放电条件下,两颗重约为5 g的电枢,以速度为1 000 m/s,166 Hz连续发射试验。通过近似计算电流所流经轨道电阻及电枢体电阻所产生的温升,对滑动电接触电阻的影响。结果表明:连续发射运行模式下,受轨道表面温度上升的影响,第二发电枢的滑动接触电阻略高于第一发电枢的滑动接触电阻,表面滑动电接触性能受到温升的影响,在两连发的发射情况下,其影响虽不是很大,但多发高频连续发射就必须考虑热管理问题。      

Synthesis of orthogonal end functionalized oligoethylene glycols of defined lengths

The synthesis of oligoethylene glycols of defined lengths possessing different end functionalities is described. The utility of these molecules towards the development of a generic membrane anchor is demonstrated.     

基于联合分步APIT定位算法的改进

本文研究了无线传感网络( Wireless Sensor Network,WSNs)的节点定位问题,并针对APIT由于锚节点在低密度环境下的节点误判和节点失效等问题给出了改进,在APICT定位算法的基础提出了联合分步定位算法UNION-APICT(Union Approximate Point-In-Circumcircle Test),该算法是结合连通性的测距技术,RSSI测距技术以及质心定位和APICT等技术,来联合解决对未知节点定位问题。通过仿真实验结果表明,改进后的UNION-APICT在APICT算法的基础之上平均定位误差减少了10%-25%,定位性能有了明显的提升;随着通信半径R和最大探测距离rmax的增加,定位误差也在逐渐减小,该算法较APIT和APICT定位算法在锚节点密度、节点覆盖率和定位精度上都有所提高。     

Semisynthesis of Functional Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐Anchored Proteins

Glypiation is a common posttranslational modification of eukaryotic proteins involving the attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid. GPIs contain a conserved phosphoglycan that is modified in a cell‐ and tissue‐specific manner. GPI complexity suggests roles in biological processes and effects on the attached protein, but the difficulties to get homogeneous material have hindered studies. We disclose a one‐pot intein‐mediated ligation (OPL) to obtain GPI‐anchored proteins. The strategy enables the glypiation of folded and denatured proteins with a natural linkage to the glycolipid. Using the strategy, glypiated eGFP, Thy1, and the Plasmodium berghei protein MSP1₁₉ were prepared. Glypiation did not alter the structure of eGFP and MSP1₁₉ proteins in solution, but it induced a strong pro‐inflammatory response in vitro. The strategy provides access to glypiated proteins to elucidate the activity of this modification and for use as vaccine candidates against parasitic infections.     

一种利用激波进行落点测量的新方法

目前用于确定弹刃或导弹落点的声测方法多数是基于这样一个假定：其所发出的声波是一个平面波。但当其下落速度大于声速时,这个假定就不成立了,这时产生了一个锥面激波＾（４）,本文介绍了一种利用正方形基阵对其进行测量的方法。     

强反型区下纳米MOSFET的射频噪声机理分析

为了有效地表征纳米MOSFET强反型区下的射频噪声特性,研究了其噪声建模的方法。在分析45 nm MOSFET射频小信号等效电路参数提取结果的基础上,建立了该器件漏极电流噪声的简洁模型。该模型完整地表征了决定45 nm器件噪声机理的三个组成部分：本征漏极电流噪声、栅极管脚寄生电阻热噪声和栅漏衬底寄生电磁耦合噪声。噪声测量在验证所建模型准确性和精度的同时,还表明：45 nm MOSFET的本征漏极电流噪声为受抑制的散粒噪声,并且随着栅源偏压的降低受抑制性逐渐减弱直至消失。     

带有相依重尾冲击的Poisson噪音过程尾的一致渐近性质

本文考虑了带有某种相依重尾冲击的Poisson噪音过程尾的一致渐近性质.当冲击是二元上尾渐近独立的非负随机变量具有长尾和控制变化尾分布且噪音函数具有正的上下界时,得到了过程尾概率的一致渐近公式.进而,当冲击具有连续的一致变化尾分布时,去除了噪音函数具有正的下界的限制.对于噪音函数不一定具有正的上界的情形,当冲击具有两两负象限相依结构时,也得到了一致渐近性结果.     

偶应力理论下拉力型锚固体的受力特性

锚固体的受力特征及其影响因素是锚固体设计的重要依据,直接影响锚固效果。传统的经典弹性理论没有考虑应变梯度的影响。偶应力理论引进弯曲曲率,考虑了弯曲效应对介质变形特性的影响。基于偶应力理论,建立了平面应变问题的有限元计算模型,研究锚固体锚固段界面上的剪应力分布、锚固体轴力分布、偶应力的尺度效应以及弹性模量和围压对锚固力的影响,并将偶应力理论的计算结果和经典弹性理论的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,在偶应力理论下,锚固体锚固段界面的剪应力有所减小,特别是峰值处的剪应力减小明显;岩土的弹性模量越大,锚固界面局部剪应力越大;锚固力随着围压的增大而增大,偶应力尺度效应明显。