Physical aging in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate): Enthalpic recovery,density, and oxygen transport considerations

The current work utilizes three separate techniques to study the physical aging process in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), which is a recently introduced engineering thermoplastic with enhanced properties compared to petroleum‐sourced poly(ethylene terephthalate). Differential scanning calorimetry aging experiments were conducted at multiple aging temperatures and times, and the resultant enthalpic recovery values compared to the theoretical maximum enthalpy loss evaluated from calculations involving extrapolation of the equilibrium liquid line. Density measurements reveal densification of the matrix for the aged versus unaged samples, and provide an estimate for the reduction in free volume for the aged samples. Complementary oxygen permeation and pressure‐decay sorption experiments provide independent verification of the free volume reduction mechanism for physical aging in glassy polymers. The current work provides the first detailed aging study for PEF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 389–399     

A Dynamic Anomaly Detection Approach Based on Permutation Entropy for Predicting Aging-Related Failures

Software aging is a phenomenon referring to the performance degradation of a long-running software system. This phenomenon is an accumulative process during execution, which will gradually lead the system from a normal state to a failure-prone state. It is a crucial challenge for system reliability to predict the Aging-Related Failures (ARFs) accurately. In this paper, permutation entropy (PE) is modified to Multidimensional Multi-scale Permutation Entropy (MMPE) as a novel aging indicator to detect performance anomalies, since MMPE is sensitive to dynamic state changes. An experiment is set on the distributed database system Voldemort, and MMPE is calculated based on the collected performance metrics during execution. Finally, based on MMPE, a failure prediction model using the machine learning method to reveal the anomalies is presented, which can predict failures with high accuracy.     

Above,below, and in‐between the two glass transitions of ultrathin free‐standing polystyrene films: Thermal expansion coefficient and physical aging

In previous work we observed two simultaneous transitions in high molecular weight (MW) free‐standing polystyrene films that were interpreted as two thickness‐dependent reduced glass transition temperatures (T_gs). The weaker lower transition agreed well with the MW‐dependent T_g(h) previously reported, while the much stronger upper transition matched the MW‐independent T_g(h) previously observed in low‐MW free‐standing films. Here, we investigate the nature of these two transitions by inspecting the temperature dependence of the films' thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) and present physical aging measurements using ellipsometry both below and in‐between the two transitions. TCE values indicate approximately 80 to 90% of the film solidifies at the upper transition, while only 10 to 20% remains mobile to lower temperatures, freezing out at the lower transition. Physical aging is observed at a temperature below the upper transition, but above the lower transition, indicative of the upper transition being an actual glass transition associated with the α‐relaxation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 64–75     

三乙四胺钴配合物氧合结构和老化机理

以固相法合成的三乙四胺钴配合物为研究体系,采用正离子电喷雾串联质谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼共振光谱和红外光谱等表征手段,研究了配合物与氧分子的相互作用过程及配合物在吸氧过程中的结构变化。结果表明,三乙四胺钴配合物的吸氧过程是一个动态的变化过程,氧合产物由双氧双桥联的氧合配合物CoⅢL-(O2)2-CoⅢL形式向双羟基桥联的老化配合物CoⅢL-(OH)2-CoⅢL形式转变;18O2同位素标记实验验证了Co-O-O-Co的存在。酸解实验说明OH桥联配合物的形成是造成可逆性差的根本原因。这些结果为探知多胺钴配合物的氧合结构和老化机理提供了新的研究方法和实验依据。     

废旧橡胶改性沥青的老化研究现状

废旧橡胶改性沥青可显著延长路面寿命。本文综述了国内外废旧橡胶改性沥青的热氧老化、紫外老化和水老化行为,使用宏观性能和微观结构变化分析了橡胶改性沥青老化特点。橡胶改性沥青在热、氧、紫外、水的作用下发生老化,软化点升高,针入度降低,羰基含量增加。特别是光、氧老化对经过水老化后的橡胶改性沥青老化作用尤为明显,水溶解了部分老化产物促进了沥青的老化。目前对于橡胶改性沥青老化过程中胶粉、沥青的结构性能变化和其环境耦合因素对橡胶改性沥青的老化研究及分析手段还很少,在今后的研究中须引起重视。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金时效行为和电滑动磨损性能研究

在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中加入Ce,采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等观察和分析了Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金时效析出行为,将经过拉拔和时效处理(480℃×2h)的合金线材在自制电磨损试验机上进行电滑动磨损试验,并观察其电滑动磨损表面形貌.结果表明:Cu-0.40Cr-0.11Zr-0.059Ce合金在950℃固溶1h再经480℃时效处理后,其显微硬度和导电率较高;时效前冷变形能够加快时效初期第二相的析出并显著提高合金的性能,固溶合金经60%冷变形再经480℃时效2h后,其显微硬度和导电率分别可达153HV和85.26%IACS(相对导电率);而固溶后直接时效处理的合金的显微硬度和导电率仅为121HV和71.62%IACS;合金的磨损量随加载电流的提高而增大,其主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损及电蚀磨损.     

Some properties and applications of cumulative Kullback–Leibler information

The cumulative Kullback–Leibler information has been proposed recently as a suitable extension of Kullback–Leibler information to the cumulative distribution function. In this paper, we obtain various results on such a measure, with reference to its relation with other information measures and notions of reliability theory. We also provide some lower and upper bounds. A dynamic version of the cumulative Kullback–Leibler information is then proposed for past lifetimes. Furthermore, we investigate its monotonicity property, which is related to some new concepts of relative aging. Moreover, we propose an application to the failure of nanocomponents. Finally, in order to provide an application in image analysis, we introduce the empirical cumulative Kullback–Leibler information and prove an asymptotic result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国科大光力学工作进展

中国科学技术大学光力学实验室近年从事实验力学方法在红外成像、金属物理学以及生化传感等交叉领域的研究，为实验力学带来了新的研究内容，也为相关领域的研究开辟出独特的途径。本文拟对该小组近年来取得的研究进展作一个概述：1）提出微梁阵列FPA变形的高灵敏光学检测法，设计制作出相应的FPA，实现了新概念光学读出红外成像，热成像指标处于国际领先；2）提出用动态散斑研究合金材料锯齿形屈服剪切带，建立了溶质原子与位错交互作用的动态应变时效模型，再现出锯齿形加载曲线和带反复传播的轨迹；3）提出用微梁传感研究大分子／蛋白质构象折叠，检测到构象转变过程中分子间力的相互作用信息和折叠动力学过程，为研究大分子折叠机理提供了一种新途径。     

Stable,High‐Molecular‐Weight Poly(phthalaldehyde)

Low ceiling temperature, thermodynamically unstable polymers have been troublesome to synthesize and keep stable during storage. In this study, stable poly(phthalaldehyde) has been synthesized with BF₃‐OEt₂ catalyst. The role of BF₃ in the polymerization is described. The interaction of BF₃ with the monomer is described and used to maximize the yield and molecular weight of poly(phthalaldehyde). Various Lewis acids were used to investigate the effect of catalyst acidity on poly(phthalaldehyde) chain growth. In situ nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify possible interactions formed between BF₃ and phthalaldehyde monomer and polymer. The molecular weight of the polymer tracks with polymerization yield. The ambient temperature stability of poly(phthalaldehyde) was investigated and the storage life of the polymer has been improved. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 55, 1166–1172