Effect of wall slip on the viscoelastic particle ordering in a microfluidic channel

The formation of a line of equally spaced particles at the centerline of a microchannel, referred as “particle ordering,” is desired in several microfluidic applications. Recent experiments and simulations highlighted the capability of viscoelastic fluids to form a row of particles characterized by a preferential spacing. When dealing with non-Newtonian fluids in microfluidics, the adherence condition of the liquid at the channel wall may be violated and the liquid can slip over the surface, possibly affecting the ordering efficiency. In this work, we investigate the effect of wall slip on the ordering of particles suspended in a viscoelastic liquid by numerical simulations. The dynamics of a triplet of particles in an infinite cylindrical channel is first addressed by solving the fluid and particle governing equations. The relative velocities computed for the three-particle system are used to predict the dynamics of a train of particles flowing in a long microchannel. The distributions of the interparticle spacing evaluated at different slip coefficients, linear particle concentrations, and distances from the channel inlet show that wall slip slows down the self-assembly mechanism. For strong slipping surfaces, no significant change of the initial microstructure is observed at low particle concentrations, whereas strings of particles in contact form at higher concentrations. The detrimental effect of wall slip on viscoelastic ordering suggests care when designing microdevices, especially in case of hydrophobic surfaces that may enhance the slipping phenomenon.     

石墨基液流电池复合双极板

液流电池是一种安全性高、使用寿命长、可扩展的大规模储能系统,可以协助电网调峰储能,提高能源利用率,发展前景广阔。双极板是液流电池的重要组成部分。功能上起到了分隔、串联电池、传导电流、为电堆提供结构支撑等作用。从成本构成角度看,双极板的价格占电堆成本的比重也较大。开发高性能、低成本的双极板对加快液流电池的商业化应用具有重要意义,也是目前业界的迫切需求。虽然文献上报道了许多针对液流电池双极板开发的工作,但是目前高性能、低成本的液流电池双极板产品仍无法充分满足市场需求。本文着重介绍了石墨基复合双极板的研究现状,介绍了材料选择、工艺流程对关键性能的影响,对相关工作进行了评述,并为液流电池双极板的开发提出了建议。     

薄板结构加筋布局优化设计方法研究

提出一种两步优化策略，以加筋板结构的固有频率最大化为目标函数，以结构所受外载荷作用的最大静变形为约束条件，开展薄板结构加筋构件的布局优化设计研究。为了降低加筋布局优化的难度，提高优化设计的效率，将加筋等效为一系列弹性铰（点）支撑，以便快速获得加筋横向移动的灵敏度信息。在基本不改变结构重量的情形下，通过合理布局加筋位置，能显著改善结构的刚度分布，提高结构的整体承载能力。随后，小幅调整加筋的截面尺寸，以满足对结构最大变形的设计要求。最后，用两个算例验证了所提优化方法的可行性和有效性。     

纳米流体液滴撞击壁面铺展动力学特性研究

纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的铺展动力学特性是基于液滴沉积实现高效传热传质过程的关键因素,然而由于纳米流体的非牛顿流变特性及液滴内微流动与纳米颗粒的耦合作用,目前对纳米流体液滴撞击固体壁面的铺展动力学行为缺乏足够的认识.本研究利用了两步法分别配制了分散有3种纳米颗粒的均匀稳定纳米流体(碳纳米管、石墨烯、纳米石墨粉),并对流体的流变特性进行了测量分析.利用显微高速数码摄像技术捕捉了液滴撞击固体壁面的动态过程,通过图像处理技术分析铺展过程中液滴的无量纲高度、铺展因子及动态接触角,探究了液滴在韦伯数约为200及800时撞击壁面后铺展沉积形态的演变规律.研究表明,3种不同纳米颗粒的加入均使基液表现出明显的剪切变稀特性,在液滴撞击壁面的铺展过程中,流体的剪切黏度起重要作用,液滴的无量纲高度和铺展因子的变化幅度随着纳米流体剪切黏度的增大而减小.纳米流体液滴撞击疏水表面时能更快的达到平衡状态,液滴的惯性力主导着液滴的初始铺展阶段,液滴的铺展范围和速度随撞击速度的增大而增大.开展该研究能够为基于液滴沉积的增益冷却技术以及微型高导热及导电材料的制造提供理论依据和技术指导.      

考虑剪切效应的旋转FGM楔形梁刚柔耦合动力学建模与仿真

本文对一类中心刚体-柔性梁系统在大范围转动下的刚柔耦合动力学问题进行了研究. 柔性梁为功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials, FGM)楔形变截面梁,材料体积分数在梁轴向呈幂律分布变化. 以弧长坐标来描述柔性FGM梁的几何位移关系,分别使用倾角和拉伸应变变量描述柔性梁的横向弯曲和纵向拉伸变形,并计及剪切效应. 采用假设模态法离散变形场,运用第二类拉格朗日方程进行方程推导,得到系统考虑剪切效应的刚柔耦合动力学模型. 基于全新的刚柔耦合动力学建模理论,研究不同轴向材料梯度分布的FGM楔形梁,通过数值仿真计算,分析讨论不同的转速、梯度分布规律以及变截面参数对系统动力学特性的影响. 结果表明,剪切效应对大高跨比的FGM楔形梁的变形影响较为明显,不容忽略;材料梯度分布规律和截面参数的选取均会对旋转FGM楔形梁的动力学响应和频率产生较大影响. 本文提出的考虑剪切效应的倾角刚柔耦合动力学模型是对以往非剪切模型的进一步完善,可应用于工程中的 Timoshenko梁结构的动力学问题求解.      

Exploring the undrained cyclic behavior of methane-hydrate-bearing sediments using CFD–DEM

Based on the mechanical experimental results of methane hydrate (MH), a bond contact model considering the rate-dependency of MH is proposed. A CFD–DEM scheme considering fluid compressibility is used to simulate a series of undrained cyclic shear tests of numerical methane-hydrate-bearing sediment (MHBS) samples. The dynamic behavior, including stress–strain relationship, dynamic shear modulus, and damping ratio, is investigated. In addition, the force chains, contact fabric and averaged pure rotation rate (APR) are examined to investigate the relationships between micromechanical variables and macromechanical responses in the DEM MH samples. The effects of temperature, confining pressure and MH saturation are also analyzed. Due to the micro-structural strengthening by the MH bonds, no obvious change in microscopic quantities is observed, and the samples remain at the elastic stage under the applied low-shear stress level. When confining pressure and MH saturation increase, the dynamic elastic modulus increases, while the damping ratio decreases. An increasing temperature (leading to weakening of MH bonds) can lower the dynamic elastic modulus, but has almost no impact on the damping ratio. On the contrary, an increasing cyclic shear stress level lowers the damping ratio, but has almost no effect on the dynamic elastic modulus.     

超声速流动中非线性EASM湍流模式应用研究

针对超声速复杂流动区域精确模拟的需要，发展了基于k-ω可压缩修正形式的非线性显式代数雷诺应力模式（EASM），提高了该模式对超声速复杂流动的数值模拟精度。通过对二维超声速凹槽和三维双椭球的数值计算表明，与SA和SST常规线性涡黏性湍流模式比较，非线性的EASM模式对大分离以及剪切层流动结构的刻画能力更精细，对剪切层再附区的压力及摩擦系数分布模拟更加精确；EASM模式能够准确地模拟二次激波引起的压强和热流分布情况。     

The recent progress of functionally graded CNT reinforced composites and structures

In the last decade,the functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites(FG-CNTRCs)have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent mechanical properties,and the structures made of FG-CNTRCs have found broad potential applications in aerospace,civil and ocean engineering,automotive industry,and smart structures.Here we review the literature regarding the mechanical analysis of bulk CNTR nanocomposites and FG-CNTRC structures,aiming to provide a clear picture of the mechanical modeling and properties of FG-CNTRCs as well as their composite structures.The review is organized as follows:(1)a brief introduction to the functionally graded materials(FGM),CNTRCs and FG-CNTRCs;(2)a literature review of the mechanical modeling methodologies and properties of bulk CNTRCs;(3)a detailed discussion on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRCs;and(4)conclusions together with a suggestion of future research trends.     

Aeroelastic analysis of cantilever plates using Peters’ aerodynamic model,and the influence of choosing beam or plate theories as the structural model

In this paper, the aeroelastic analyses of a rectangular cantilever plate of varying aspect ratio is presented. The classical plate theory has been selected as the structural model. The main point that distinguishes this study from previously reported research is employing Peters’ theory to model aerodynamic effect which is not straightforward. The Peters’ aerodynamic model was originally developed to provide lift and moment, which is only applicable to the structural model based on the beam theories. In this study, using the basic concept of the Peters’ aerodynamic model in addition to utilizing the Fourier series, the pressure distribution is derived, which makes Peters’ model applicable to structural models based on plate theory. This combination provides a much simpler state–space aeroelastic model for plates in comparison to the prevalent panel methods, which could lead to a significant reduction in computational time. In addition, the aeroelastic response of the plate with respect to changes in the structural model from the beam theory to the plate theory is evaluated. By using data from an experiment carried out at Duke University, the theoretical results are evaluated. Furthermore, the differences in structural models obtained from the plate and beam theories can be divided into two distinct parts, which are responsible for differences in bending and torsional behaviors of the structure, separately. This approach enables us to measure the effects of differences of each behavior separately, which could provide with a new insight into the problem. It has been determined that the flutter speeds obtained from the beam and plate aeroelastic models are little affected by the difference in bending behavior, but rather is mainly caused by the difference in torsional frequencies.     

区域集群下板材订单配置模型及算法研究

针对集群企业板材资源滞留、无法共享、加工旺季材料短缺等问题,依据区域板材特性和区域企业集群地理相关优势,建立以减少需求方板材订单采购费用最小化为目标的板材订单分配模型,采用以粒子群、免疫算法相结合的混合调度算法。计算过程中,将订单分配对应企业编号作为免疫系统的抗体基因,通过比较适应度函数解与订单预算成本的关系,将抗体群区分为支配解与非支配解,提高算法对抗原的免疫能力和最优解的选择概率。最后以板材订单分配实例进行试验仿真,分别采用PSO算法与IA-PSO算法进行试验对比,对平台上6家订单发布企业寻找合适地理位置相近和价格相对低廉的供应商。试验结果表明,IA-PSO算法能够有效地解决区域集群内板材订单的匹配问题,并且在寻找价格更低和位置更合适的供应商上更有优势。