An approach to characterization of the agricultural self-propelled machines stability

This paper presents an analytical algorithm with appropriate software specified for the approximation of the allowed critical slope of the solid flat terrain that guarantees static and/or dynamic stability of the specified self-propelled agricultural machines and their aggregates. This algorithm assumes machine as a rigid body, having 3 or 4 contact points (defined by wheels or crawlers), under uniform motion at different constant velocities and radii of curvature trajectories. Using this algorithm, based on the principles of theoretical mechanics combined with 3D analytical geometry, the computer program SSPM (stability of the self-propelled agricultural machines) has been coded. This software is intended to facilitate the analysis, comparison and optimization of different configurations of self-propelled agricultural machines in operation on horizontal and sloped flat terrains at constant velocities and radii of trajectory with respect to their static and dynamic stability. It calculates critical pitch and roll angles of the self-propelled machine and the maximum allowed slope of the flat terrain under the given conditions. The algorithm and the appropriate SSPM software were experimentally verified using the platform and low-scale tractor model. Average difference between calculated and experimental critical values of roll and pitch angles were about 4°     

基于SWT方法的钢绞线索微动疲劳特性分析

为得到钢绞线索丝间接触区的应力场分布并预测微动疲劳裂纹萌生位置和微动疲劳寿命，本文利用参数化方法建立了精细化的钢绞线拉索有限元模型，包括整索模型和不同层丝间接触区域的局部精细化子模型．分析了钢绞线索在两种交变荷载工况下的应力场变化情况，并基于多轴疲劳SWT(Smith-Watson-Topper)临界平面法进行了疲劳特性分析和疲劳寿命预测．主要结论如下：钢绞线索内接触区边缘处的微动幅值较大，中心处几乎没有相对滑动，微动疲劳的初始裂纹萌生点位于接触区域边缘；经不同区域子模型分析比较，在轴向循环荷载作用下，外层钢丝的接触区域比内层钢丝更易发生微动疲劳损伤；在横向位移循环荷载作用下，同层钢丝因位置角度不同而产生了较大的疲劳特性差异，且相比轴向循环拉伸，该工况下最不利单丝的微动疲劳寿命更低；与非接触区域相比，接触区的疲劳寿命大幅降低，微动现象对钢绞线索的抗疲劳性能有明显降低作用．     

葵花型索穹顶结构等效平面桁架静力计算方法

选取n次轴对称葵花型索穹顶结构的1/n,将空间轴对称结构等效为一次超静定平面桁架结构.给出了葵花型索穹顶结构撑杆不在同一径向上的内力和位移处理方法,推导了力法求解约束力的计算公式,提出了小变形时各点位移计算的位移传递矩阵和计算公式.最后,通过一个算例介绍了该方法的计算过程并与有限元计算结果进行了比较,内力和位移误差均在工程设计要求内,验证了方法的正确性和准确性.     

利用空间外差光谱技术进行紫外高分辨率大气散射信号探测

羟基OH对于人类理解中间层化学成分非常重要，它是大气光化学反应中重要的氧化剂，OH在308 nm波段受到太阳能量激发，发射出OH A2Σ＋-X２Π（0，0）荧光信号。为了探测中间层大气中OH自由基的紫外共振荧光发射信号，从复杂背景信号中分离目标信号，研制了中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪，光谱范围为308.2～309.8 nm，光谱分辨率为0.008 25 nm。临边观测主要探测大气散射信号，能量来源为大气中的粒子，包括大气分子与气溶胶、云等对太阳能量的散射作用。中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪基于空间外差光谱技术，可以在设计的闪耀波长范围内获得极高的光谱分辨率，适用于大气成分的精细探测。通过在前置或后置光学系统中加入柱面镜，总视场内的场景被分成多个视场切片，每一个视场切片的干涉图分别成像到对应的探测器行上。利用空间外差光谱仪具有空间维分层成像功能，临边观测时可以同时获取不同高度层大气吸收光谱的散射辐射信号，无需像传统临边探测遥感器在不同高度层进行扫描来获取大气高度维的廓线信息。为了验证中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪的临边散射信号探测能力与对观测几何的敏感性，进行了地面临边观测实验，探测紫外308 nm波段大气散射信号。模拟临边观测几何，选取晴朗无云的一天，在空旷场地对大气散射信号进行观测。由于仪器基于空间外差光谱技术，需要对干涉数据进行干涉误差修正与光谱复原。对一段观测时间内间隔10分钟的干涉数据进行光谱复原并定标，得到最终临边观测光谱。由于散射信号的主要来源为大气分子对太阳光的散射作用，因此光谱中应包含太阳光谱高分辨率精细特征信息。从高分辨率太阳光谱中选取三个特征信息窗，分析观测光谱中对应波段，三个特征信息窗完全匹配，验证了中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪的超高分辨率光谱探测能力和光谱精细信息提取能力。将太阳辐射计实时测量获得的气溶胶光学厚度及根据观测时间计算的太阳天顶角与太阳方位角输入辐射传输模型SCIATRAN，结合对应日期与经纬度的大气廓线数据库，得到模拟光谱，将实测结果与辐射传输模型结果进行比对，两者残差较小。实测结果与模拟结果存在的残差，可能是由于大气环境参数并没有完全符合实测状态，后续可使用当地实时温湿压廓线对模拟数据库进行替换，使辐射传输模型更接近实际状态。与辐射传输模型对比的结果验证了中高层大气OH自由基超分辨空间外差光谱仪的散射信号探测能力与对观测几何的敏感性，验证了在轨探测多谱段、宽谱段大气散射光谱与OH目标信号的可行性，为在轨探测OH目标信号提供了理论与实验基础。     

Mean field limits for nonlinear spatially extended Hawkes processes with exponential memory kernels

We consider spatially extended systems of interacting nonlinear Hawkes processes modeling large systems of neurons placed in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ and study the associated mean field limits. As the total number of neurons tends to infinity, we prove that the evolution of a typical neuron, attached to a given spatial position, can be described by a nonlinear limit differential equation driven by a Poisson random measure. The limit process is described by a neural field equation. As a consequence, we provide a rigorous derivation of the neural field equation based on a thorough mean field analysis.     

利用蝴蝶型纳米结构下的极化门方案输出单个阿秒脉冲

理论研究了在蝴蝶型纳米结构下运用多周期极化门方案驱动He原子输出高次谐波以及阿秒脉冲的特点.结果表明,由于纳米结构表面的等离子共振增强现象,谐波截止能量得到延伸.同时,由于激光场呈现空间非均匀性,长量子路径对谐波的贡献被减弱.并且,在极化门控制下,谐波平台区的贡献只来源于单一的谐波辐射能量峰,进而形成一个147 eV的超长平台区.最后,通过叠加平台区的谐波,可获得一个持续时间在30 as的超短脉冲.     

Finest image sharpening by use of the modified mask filter dealing with highest spatial frequencies

We demonstrate a new finding that the filtering-mask with merely four coefficients in the vertical and horizontal directions could be the best choice to achieve finest image sharpening. The mask's merit to better magnify highest spatial frequencies is unveiled by employing the nonlinear transfer function, which has been proved liable to reduce the overshooting effect. By use of this chosen mask, the enhanced image is capable of manifesting extreme sharpness.