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1.
The lithium metal battery has been considered as a promising candidate for next generation batteries.However,safety concerns caused by uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth on lithium anode are severely hampering the commercial application.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)become one of the most attractive materials due to the high porosity,structural designability and tunability.With unique open channels and pores as well as functional components in MOFs,the transportation and deposition of lithium ions can be regulated,which leads to enhanced electrochemical prope rties.Various strategies for lithium metal protection are proposed in recent wo rks on applications of MOFs in lithium metal batteries.In this review,we highlight latest key approaches in this field and discuss the prospects for MOFs in advanced Li anodes.  相似文献   
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Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access network is now becoming a promising architecture for access networks. Survivability is one of the key issues in the planning of FiWi access network because many high-rate traffic flows may be interrupted in case of a single fiber failure, which can cause a huge traffic loss. In addition, the users need ubiquitous broadband access that can be provided by FiWi access network. In this paper, we propose the protection approach called Maximum Covering Planning with Survivability (MCPS), including Integer Linear Programming (ILP) solution and heuristic solution, for the planning of survivable FiWi access network against single distribution fiber failure. The proposed approach aims at maximum coverage under the constraints of network connectivity. When a distribution fiber is broken, the interrupted Optical Network Unit (ONU) can transmit traffic to its backup ONU through the wireless paths between them. Simulation results show the network coverage of clients for different number of ONUs in different urban areas, and demonstrate the relationship between network coverage and the cost represented by the number of WiFi routers.  相似文献   
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《Optik》2014,125(16):4446-4451
With the number of large capacity applications in core network increasing, the bandwidth requirement of optical connections in conventional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks keeps enhancing, so that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is adopted to provide higher spectrum efficiency and flexibility in the future elastic optical networks. Meanwhile, survivability in the conventional WDM optical networks has been widely studied as an important issue to ensure the service continuity. However, survivability in OFDM-based elastic optical networks is more challenging than that in conventional WDM optical networks because each fiber usually carries even more connections. Therefore, it is necessary to study the new lightpath protection algorithm in elastic optical networks. Since p-cycle protection scheme has short restoration time and simple protection switching procedure, in this paper, we study the static Survivable p-Cycle Routing and Spectrum Allocation (SC-RSA) problem with providing an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. Since RSA is a NP-hard problem, we propose a new heuristic algorithm called Elastic p-Cycle Protection (ECP) to tolerate the single-fiber link failure. For each demand, ECP scheme can compute highly-efficient p-cycles to provide protection for all of the on-cycle links and the straddling links. We also consider the load balancing and choose the proper working path for each demand. Simulation results show that the proposed ECP scheme achieves better performances than traditional single-line-rate survivable schemes.  相似文献   
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Tetraalkylammonium borohydride reduces carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohols in good yields utilizing only stoichiometric quantities of hydride and also in the absence of any Lewis acids.  相似文献   
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A mild and highly chemoselective method for the preparation of oxathiolane from aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones with 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of catalytic amount of N-bromosaccharin at room temperature is reported.  相似文献   
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Lei Guo  Jiannong Cao  Cunqian Yu 《Optik》2010,121(21):1919-1924
In this paper, we study the survivability in GMPLS optical networks and propose a new algorithm called Protection based on Lightpath Load (PLL) to tolerate the single-fiber link failure. Based on the parameter, Boundary of Heavy-load Lightpath (BHL), PLL can effectively choose the protection execution whether on optical layer or on IP/MPLS layer, such that the bandwidth utilization and recovery complexity can be compromised. In PLL, if the number of Working Label Switching Path (WLSPs) carried on a Working Lightpath (WLP) exceeds the value of BHL, this WLP will be protected in optical layer; otherwise, these WLSPs carried on this WLP will be protected on IP/MPLS layer. Simulation results show that, compared to conventional protection algorithm, PLL not only can significantly reduce the recovery complexity but also can obtain satisfactory trade-off performance.  相似文献   
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Protection and restoration are critical network design issues for optical networks since even a single failure for a short duration may result in huge data loss due to the large capacity of optical fibers. However, few studies have been done on these issues for optical burst switching (OBS) networks. Protection and restoration are essential mechanisms for guaranteeing more reliable traffic delivery services. But it is not easy to apply existing mechanisms to optical burst switching (OBS) networks due to its one-way reservation signaling and the statistical burst multiplexing. Thus, to achieve the high transmission performance and reliability simultaneously, unique properties of OBS must be considered in the design of protection scheme. In this paper, an optimal protection and restoration scheme (OPARS) has been introduced that not only optimizes the number of provisioned protection wavelengths adaptively based on the traffic load as well as the quality of service (QoS) requirements of bursts in high speed networks but also minimizes burst loss rates. In addition, the proposed scheme has been used as an efficient contention resolution technique. The simulation results verify that the proposed scheme improve the network resource and channel utilization while guaranteeing the targeted protection reliability and QoS requirements of bursts.  相似文献   
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The main purpose of this paper is to perform a sensitivity analysis where we quantify and analyse the effects on the mean of the profit on an Income Protection policy and two risk measures of changing the values of the transition intensities. All the calculations carried out are based on a multiple state model for Income Protection proposed in Continuous Mortality Investigation Committee (Continuous Mortality Investigation Reports 1991; 12 ). Within this model, we derive a formula for the mean of the profit, which enables to evaluate it more efficiently. In order to calculate the two risk measures we use the numerical algorithms for the calculation of the moments of the profit proposed by Waters (Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 1990; 9 :101–113). We carry out the sensitivity analysis considering two different situations: in the first situation, we update the premium rates used to calculate the moments of the profit, according to the changes in the values of the transition intensities; in the second one, we do not update the premium rates. Both analyses are of practical interest to insurance companies selling Income Protection policies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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