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Quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques were employed to study the first stages of ultra-high vacuum plasma nitriding of the 42CrMo4 steel. At constant treatment temperature, maintained for all samples at about 360 °C, we have established the influence of treatment time on the chemical composition, thickness and electrical properties of the nitrided layer.In this purpose it was used a stacking atomic layer model describing the sample surface, which takes into account the attenuation depth of photoelectrons by the atomic monolayers. So, we have found that after 2 h of nitriding in laboratory conditions, 70% of the nitrided layer was composed of iron oxide. Also, IV measurements indicate an influence of the nitride overlayer with increasing treatment time.  相似文献   
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A chemical modification approach combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to identify the active site serine residue of an extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus R6-554W. The lipase, purified from a high-level overexpressing strain, was covalently modified by incubation with 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, a general mechanism-based serine protease inhibitor. MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was used to probe the nature of the intact inhibitor-modified lipase and to clarify the mechanism of lipase inhibition by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. The stoichiometry of the inhibition reaction revealed that specifically one molecule of inhibitor was bound to the lipase. The MALDI matrix 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone facilitated the formation of highly abundant [M + 2H](2+) ions with good resolution compared to other matrices in a linear TOF instrument. This allowed the detection of two different inhibitor-modified lipase species. Exact localization of the modified amino acid residue was accomplished by tryptic digestion followed by low-energy collision-induced dissociation peptide sequencing of the detected 2-(carboxychloromethyl)benzoylated peptide by means of a MALDI quadrupole ion trap reflectron TOF instrument. The high sequence coverage obtained by this approach allowed the confirmation of the site specificity of the inhibition reaction and the unambiguous identification of the serine at position 10 as the nucleophilic amino acid residue in the active site of the enzyme. This result is in agreement with the previously obtained data from multiple sequence alignment of S. rimosus lipase with different esterases, which indicated that this enzyme exhibits a characteristic Gly-Asp-Ser-(Leu) motif located close to the N-terminus and is harboring the catalytically active serine residue. Therefore, this study experimentally proves the classification of the S. rimosus lipase as GDS(L) lipolytic enzyme.  相似文献   
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探讨非饱和土的饱和度测量几种测量方法。由于非饱和土试验方法的不同,造成饱和度的测量的偏差。本文根据GDS的试验结果,对几种测量饱和度的方法进行比较和分析,指出假设土样颗粒体积不变,土样体积改变是因为土样孔隙大小的改变的合理性,认为直接法是一种有效的方法。  相似文献   
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