Dark Energy with Phantom Crossing and the H0 Tension

We investigate the possibility of phantom crossing in the dark energy sector and the solution for the Hubble tension between early and late universe observations. We use robust combinations of different cosmological observations, namely the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), local measurement of Hubble constant (H0), Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) and SnIa for this purpose. For a combination of CMB+BAO data that is related to early universe physics, phantom crossing in the dark energy sector was confirmed at a 95% confidence level and we obtained the constraint H0=71.0−3.8+2.9 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level, which is in perfect agreement with the local measurement by Riess et al. We show that constraints from different combinations of data are consistent with each other and all of them are consistent with phantom crossing in the dark energy sector. For the combination of all data considered, we obtained the constraint H0=70.25±0.78 km/s/Mpc at a 68% confidence level and the phantom crossing happening at the scale factor am=0.851−0.031+0.048 at a 68% confidence level.     

Interface‐fitted moving mesh method for axisymmetric two‐phase flow in microchannels

A boundary‐fitted moving mesh scheme is presented for the simulation of two‐phase flow in two‐dimensional and axisymmetric geometries. The incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, and the mini element is used to satisfy the inf‐sup condition. The interface between the phases is represented explicitly by an interface adapted mesh, thus allowing a sharp transition of the fluid properties. Surface tension is modelled as a volume force and is discretized in a consistent manner, thus allowing to obtain exact equilibrium (up to rounding errors) with the pressure gradient. This is demonstrated for a spherical droplet moving in a constant flow field. The curvature of the interface, required for the surface tension term, is efficiently computed with simple but very accurate geometric formulas. An adaptive moving mesh technique, where smoothing mesh velocities and remeshing are used to preserve the mesh quality, is developed and presented. Mesh refinement strategies, allowing tailoring of the refinement of the computational mesh, are also discussed. Accuracy and robustness of the present method are demonstrated on several validation test cases. The method is developed with the prospect of being applied to microfluidic flows and the simulation of microchannel evaporators used for electronics cooling. Therefore, the simulation results for the flow of a bubble in a microchannel are presented and compared to experimental data.     

Surface Tension Effect on Harmonics of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Using the method of the parameter expansion up to the third order, explicitly investigates surface tension effect on harmonics at weakly nonlinear stage in Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) for arbitrary Atwood numbers and compares the results with those of classical RTI within the framework of the third-order weakly nonlinear theory. It is found that surface tension strongly reduces the linear growth rate of time, resulting in mild growth of the amplitude of the fundamental mode, and changes amplitudes of the second and third harmonics, as is expressed as a tension factor coupling in amplitudes of the harmonics. On the one hand, surface tension can either decrease or increase the space amplitude; on the other hand, surface tension can also change their phases for some conditions which are explicitly determined.     

Molecular and colloidal self-assembly at the oil–water interface

Self-assembly is a versatile bottom-up approach for fabricating novel supramolecular materials with well-defined nano- or micro-structures associated with functionalities. The oil-water interface provides an ideal venue for molecular and colloidal self-assembly. This paper gives an overview of various self-assembled materials, including nanoparticles, polymers, proteins, and lipids, at the oil-water interface. Focus has been given to fundamental principles and strategies for engineering the self-assembly process, such as control of pH, ionic strength and use of external fields, to achieve complex soft materials with desired functionalities, such as nanoparticle surfactants, structured liquids, and proteinosomes. It has been shown that self-assembly at the oil-water interface holds great promise for developing well-structured complex materials useful for many research and industrial applications.     

Accounting for local capillary effects in two-phase flows with relaxed surface tension formulation in enriched finite elements

This paper introduces a numerical method able to deal with a general bi-fluid model integrating capillary actions. The method relies first on the precise computation of the surface tension force. Considering a mathematical transformation of the surface tension virtual work, the regularity required for the solution on the evolving curved interface is weakened, and the mechanical equilibrium of the triple line can be enforced as a natural condition. Consequently, contact angles of the liquid over the solid phase result naturally from this equilibrium. Second, for an exhaustive representation of capillary actions, pressure jumps across the interface must be accounted for. A pressure enrichment strategy is used to properly compute the discontinuities in both pressure and gradient fields. The resulting method is shown to predict nicely static contact angles for some test cases, and is evaluated on complex 3D cases.     

水平悬链线中点集中力作用下的非线性分析及计算

首先，对均布力作用下悬链线理论进行了深入分析研究，推导出求解水平张力单参数和双参数形式的隐含超越方程，在算法上验证了两种方程的等价性。对于悬链线固有的广义倾角、曲率半径、约束反力和水平张力的嵌入关系等给出了具有新意的表达公式。然后，建立了水平悬链线在对称集中力作用下的平衡方程，对于不同垂向集中力作用下水平张力的变化情况和最大垂直距离差所在水平位置随集中力的变化等进行了非线性计算。本文在理论构建和分析方面具有创新性，在理论探索和工程应用上具有重要意义。     

悬链线竖向集中力作用下的构形分析和张力计算

目前,悬链线在竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下的构形分析和受力计算的理论仍不完善。针对这一问题,通过引入悬链线的几何约束方程、力平衡方程和超越方程,建立了竖向集中力与均布荷载共同作用下的非线性方程组。采用牛顿迭代法求解方程组,得到了悬链线的构形和受力情况。为了验证理论计算的正确性,进行了算例和试验验证。结果表明,算例的计算结果与文献结论保持一致,试验测得的构形和水平张力大小与理论计算的构形和水平张力大小吻合较好。本文的理论计算可以更加简单精确地计算出悬链线在竖向集中力和均布荷载共同作用下的构形和受力情况,为实际工程提供重要的理论指导。     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of liquid–vapor system by incorporating a surface tension term

In this study,we investigate the pseudopotential multiphase model of lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)and incorporate a surface tension term to implement the particle interaction force.By using the Carnahan–Starling(CS)equation of state(EOS)with a proper critical pressure–density ratio,a density ratio over 160000 is obtained with satisfactory numerical stability.The added surface tension term offers a flexible choice to adjust the surface tension strength.Numerical tests of the Laplace rule are conducted,proving that smaller spurious velocity and better numerical stability can be acquired as the surface tension becomes stronger.Moreover,by wall adhesion and heterogeneous cavitation tests,the surface tension term shows its practical application in dealing with problems in which the surface tension plays an important role.     

On the modeling of fiber dispersion in fiber-reinforced elastic materials

When an isotropic material is subject to a uniaxial tension, the principal strain transverse to the direction of applied load is always negative. However, in fiber reinforced materials the transverse principal strain can change its sign as the load increases, passing through the zero-points, known as perversions. We investigate how the number of perversions in a material reinforced by two symmetrically aligned families of distributed fibers depends both on the degree of fiber dispersion and the model used for fiber dispersion. Angular integration and three variants of the generalized structure tensor approach are considered and discussed. The study of perversions clearly demonstrates the qualitative difference between these approaches in the case of high dispersion of fibers. The results suggest that this difference is primarily due to the way compressive fibers are modeled.     

3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。