区域合作减排策略选择及提升对策研究

跨区域合作的碳减排是实现减排目标较为有效的机制。通过构建政府间减排演化博弈模型,模拟了区域内地方政府独立减排、合作减排情形的策略选择演化过程。研究发现,(1)当区域内本地政府和外部政府经济发展水平都比较低时,无论是独立减排还是合作减排,{减排,减排}都是地方政府的稳定选择策略,但减排效果不显著;(2)独立减排情形下,经济先发地区减排意愿薄弱,后发地区有减排意愿,但减排效果并不显著;(3)合作减排时,当协同收益小于交易成本时,随着地方政府经济发展,减排系统博弈最终会向地方政府一方减排一方不减排的方向演进;当协同收益大于交易成本时,通过合作减排,实现了资源的优势互补,降低了碳排放的负外部效应,提高了减排意愿。最后提出通过搭建起区域合作交流平台,激发地方政府减排活力及推进低碳经济发展等建议,来提高协同收益或降低交易成本,有效促进区域合作减排。     

Characterization and Biosorption Performance of Silver by Bacillus Licheniformis

The demand of silver is increasing rapidly in recent decades, because silver and its related products are widely used in modern industry and decoration. It is necessary to recover silver from waste water using an efficient and environmental friendly method due to its environmental and economic benefits. In this paper, we eliminated the interference of Cl-and light conditions, and then studied the characterization and biosorption performance of silver by Bacillus licheniformis. The max biosorption amount was 87.4 mg/g(dry weight) with the initial Ag+concentration of 100 mg/L at pH 6.0. XRD pattern showed that the product was an amorphous compound. SEM/EDS-mapping and FT-IR results implied that phosphate, amino and carboxyl groups located on the cell walls involved in the biosorption of Ag~+. The XPS spectra result showed that the value of EB of Ag 3d_(5/2_(367.51 eV) corresponded to the energy values for Ag(Ⅰ), and indicated Ag~+ adsorbed to the surface of cell still maintained mono-valence. The results confirm that B. licheniformis just adsorb Ag+ but cannot covert soluble Ag~+ to silver nano-particles(AgNP).     

基于滤光片提取光谱的流动注射-溶液阴极辉光放电检测研究

溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱法是近年来兴起的一种新型水体金属离子检测技术,它具有快速,在线和低成本检测的显著特点。以工业注射泵实现溶液阴极辉光放电激发源的流动注射进样,再以窄带滤光片分别提取Na,K,Ca,Li,Sr和Cs金属元素发射光谱信号,最后由光电倍增管和皮安表接收光谱信息光谱信号,实现了水质金属元素的检测。实验分析了注射容量分别为100和166 μL对1 mg·L-1的Na元素产生的信号强度的影响,研究发现其信号强度的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为4.64%和1.95%,说明两种注射量稳定性都较好。为了获得更好的分析性能,实验分析了直流放电电压,狭缝的宽度以及光电倍增管供压等参数对信号强度的影响。实验结果表明,在直流放电电压为1 000 V,狭缝宽度为70 μm和光电倍增管供压为-800 V时获得了较高的信背比。采用此装置在流动注射模式下,测得了Na,K,Ca,Li,Sr和Cs六种金属元素检出限,分别为2.78,4.23,589,9.45,981和83.6 μg·L-1。实验最后对混合溶液标定物质中的Na和K元素进行了定量分析测量,测量的误差分别为7.5%和6.67%,精密度分别为1.24%和0.89%,研究结果表明基于滤光片提取光谱的流动注射分析-溶液阴极辉光放电-原子发射光谱方法具有较高的检测准确度。