基于低温超导量子干涉器件的脑 听觉激励磁场探测

本文利用磁屏蔽室和二阶轴向梯度计抑制环境磁场噪声, 建立了单通道脑磁探测系统, 并对不用声音频率下脑听觉激励磁场N100m响应进行了初步探测.结果显示, 1000 Hz音频和100 ms持续声音激励下, N100m峰值的典型强度约为0.4 pT.在低的声音频率激励下, N100m峰出现延时, 100 Hz 和1000 Hz之间的延时差别达到25 ms.相比于1 kHz特定频率的声音激励, 1—4 kHz 随机变频下的N100m峰幅度增强, 出现了数毫秒的延时.本研究为下一步利用软件梯度计进行多通道脑磁系统和听觉机理研究奠定了一定的基础.     

Superconducting quantum interference devices with different damped junctions operated in directly coupled current- and voltage-bias modes

We investigate niobium thin film superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs） with different Steward- McCumber parameters βc operated in both current- and voltage-bias modes. We experimentally prove that there is no difference between the two bias modes with respect to the SQUID intrinsic noise and the noise contribution from the preamplifier. Furthermore, the relationships of the SQUID dynamic parameters, （Rd）current bias ≈ （Rd）voltage bias and （σV/σФ）current bias ≈ [σi/σФ）Rd]voltage bias, are always satisfied. For a strongly damped SQUID withβc ≈ 0.25, addi- tional positive feedback （APF） and noise cancellation （NC） were employed to enhance σV/σФ, the former showing a degradation in the linear flux range but otherwise the same with NC. For a weakly damped SQUID with βc ≈ 3, it is di- rectly connected to the preamplifier without APF or NC, and a low SQUID system noise of about 4μФ0/x/Hz is measured, which is close to its intrinsic noise.     

A SQUID gradiometer module with large junction shunt resistors

A dual-washer superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) with a loop inductance of 350 pH and two onwasher integrated input coils is designed according to conventional niobium technology. In order to obtain a large SQUID flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient, the junction shunt resistance is selected to be 33 ?. A vertical SQUID gradiometer module with a baseline of 100 mm is constructed by utilizing such a SQUID and a first-order niobium wire-wound antenna.The sensitivity of this module reaches about 0.2 fT/(cm·Hz1/2) in the white noise range using a direct readout scheme, i.e.,the SQUID is directly connected to an operational amplifier, in a magnetically shielded room. Some magnetocardiography(MCG) measurements with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) are demonstrated.     

EMD算法在低温超导瞬变电磁噪声抑制中的应用

瞬变电磁信号具有较宽的频谱,为使得超导瞬变电磁信号的接收不产生失真,要求接收信号的超导传感器具有足够高的带宽(100kHz以上),而接收高带宽信号会导致信号的噪声峰峰值变大,传统的滤波(模拟、数字)方法易造成衰减曲线畸变.基于数据驱动的经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)算法能够根据信号本身特性对其进行信号分解和分量选择,具有自适应和不产生波形畸变的特点.本文采用EMD算法分别对数值模拟和野外实测的超导瞬变电磁信号进行EMD滤波处理和分析,结果表明,EMD可以显著压制瞬变电磁信号衰减曲线中的宽频带噪声且波形无畸变.经过EMD滤波的超导瞬变电磁与原始信号相比,信号衰减时间显著延长(从5ms延长至50ms),表明EMD算法能够极大提高瞬变电磁方法对地下深部信息的探测能力.     

六方氮化硼层间气泡制备与压强研究

六方氮化硼(h-BN)具有六角网状晶格结构和高化学机械稳定性,可以用来封装气体并长期保持稳定,适合用作新型信息器件及微纳机电器件的衬底材料,具有巨大的应用前景.近期,科研人员发现氢原子可以无损穿透多层h-BN,在层间形成气泡,可用作微纳机电器件.本文研究了氢等离子体处理时间对h-BN气泡尺寸的影响.发现随着处理时间的延长,气泡尺寸整体变大且分布密集程度会降低.原子力显微镜的测量发现所制备的h-BN气泡具有相似的形貌特征,该特征与h-BN的杨氏模量和层间范德瓦耳斯作用相关.此外,发现微米尺寸气泡的内部压强约为1—2 MPa,纳米尺寸气泡的内部压强可达到GPa量级.     

超导磁力仪射频屏蔽仿真与实验研究

超导量子干涉器件(SQUID)是超导磁力仪的核心器件,应用于地球物理探测时,环境射频电磁场干扰SQUID工作,导致性能(噪声和工作稳定性等)全面下降,甚至无法正常工作.本文运用电磁场仿真技术和测试方法,对物探SQUID应用的射频干扰屏蔽方法与效果进行分析研究.模拟户外环境仿真,结果表明:随着屏蔽层数增加可屏蔽的射频场的频谱范围增大,8层时就可达到满意的屏蔽效果.测试与仿真结果的规律一致.基于室内和户外两种不同电磁环境开展了低温SQUID工作射频屏蔽对比验证.实验结果表明:不同应用环境对系统射频屏蔽的要求不同(室内:2层以上屏蔽,户外:8层以上屏蔽).本研究为定量分析并解决物探环境射频屏蔽的关键问题奠定了基础.     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ中正交-四方相变的级次

研究了YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ正交相和四方相中氧在Cu(1)-O基平面上跳动引起的两低频内耗峰;研究了在正交-四方相变过程中它们随氧含量的变化规律,并据此分析了YBCO中正交-四方相变的级次,认为在～200℃该相变实际上可能是一个一级相变。 关键词：     

低成本基板倒装焊底充胶分层裂缝扩展研究

采用MIL-STD-883C热循环疲劳加载标准，通过电学检测方法测定了B型和D型两种倒装焊封装焊点寿命。并使用无损声学C-SAM高频超声显微镜技术观测这两种倒装焊封装在焊点有无断裂两种情况时芯片／底充胶界面的分层和扩展，计算得到分层裂缝扩展速率。在有限元模拟中采用粘塑性和时间相关模量描述了SnPb焊点和底充胶的力学行为。使用裂缝尖端附近小矩形路径J积分方法作为断裂力学参量得到不同情况下的界面分层裂缝顶端附近的能量释放率。然后由实验裂缝扩展速率和有限元模拟给出的能量释放率得到可作为倒装焊封装可靠性设计依据的Par—is半经验方程。     

Baseline optimization of SQUID gradiometer for magnetocardiography

SQUID gradiometer techniques are widely used in noise cancellation for biomagnetic measurements.An appropriate gradiometer baseline is very important for the biomagnetic detection with high performance.By placing several magnetometers at different heights along the vertical direction,we could simultaneously obtain the synthetic gradiometers with different baselines.By using the traditional signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) as a performance index,we successfully obtain an optimal baseline for the magnetocardiography(MCG) measurement in a magnetically shielded room(MSR).Finally,we obtain an optimal baseline of 7 cm and use it for the practical MCG measurement in our MSR.The SNR about 38 dB is obtained in the recorded MCG signal.     

高质量大面积石墨烯的化学气相沉积制备方法研究

石墨烯因其奇特的能带结构和优异的物理性能而成为近年来大家研究的热点, 但是目前单层石墨烯的质量与尺寸制约了其实际应用的发展. 本文采用常压化学气相沉积(CVD)方法, 基于铜箔衬底, 利用甲烷作为碳源制备了高质量大面积的单层与多层石墨烯. 研究发现: 高温度、稀薄的甲烷浓度、较短的生长时间以及合适的气体流速是制备高质量、大面积石墨烯的关键. Raman光谱, 扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等表征结果表明: 制备的石墨烯主要为单层, 仅铜箔晶界处有少量多层石墨烯. 电学测试表明CVD制备的石墨烯在低温时呈现出较明显的类半导体特性; 薄膜电阻随外界磁场的增大而减小.