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This essay discusses some preliminary thoughts on the development of a rational and modular approach for molecular design in soft matter engineering and proposes ideas of structural and functional synthons for advanced functional materials. It echoes the Materials Genome Initiative by practicing a tentative retro-functional analysis(RFA) scheme. The importance of hierarchical structures in transferring and amplifying molecular functions into macroscopic properties is recognized and emphasized. According to the role of molecular segments in final materials, there are two types of building blocks: structural synthon and functional synthon. Guided by a specific structure for a desired function, these synthons can be modularly combined in various ways to construct molecular scaffolds. Detailed molecular structures are then deduced, designed and synthesized precisely and modularly. While the assembled structure and property may deviate from the original design, the study may allow further refinement of the molecular design toward the target function. The strategy has been used in the development of soft fullerene materials and other giant molecules. There are a few aspects that are not yet well addressed:(1) function and structure are not fully decoupled and(2) the assembled hierarchical structures are sensitive to secondary interactions and molecular geometries across different length scales. Nevertheless, the RFA approach provides a starting point and an alternative thinking pathway by provoking creativity with considerations from both chemistry and physics. This is particularly useful for engineering soft matters with supramolecular lattice formation, as in giant molecules, where the synthons are relatively independent of each other. 相似文献
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GC-FTIR联用技术测定水中有机污染物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用毛细管气相色谱-博里叶变换红外光谱(GC-FTIR)技术对工业废水中的有机污染物进行了鉴定,井用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行了对照。在分离出的25个组分中,GC-FTIR发挥了能给出官能团信息和区别同分异构体的长处,而GC-MS则发挥了灵敏度高、能提供分子量信息和区别同系物的特点。两种技术的结合为环境有机污染物的检测提供了有力的手段 相似文献
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蛋白质的化学修饰在蛋白质工程、生物材料以及化学生物学等领域具有重要的意义.近年来,可基因编码的多肽-蛋白质化学反应对的发展为蛋白质的化学修饰提供了新的思路和强大的工具.本专论回顾了此类新型化学方法的发展背景,详细阐述了多肽-蛋白质反应对的作用原理和调控机制,介绍了业内在拓展一大类具有各种特性的反应对家族方面的初步尝试,并总结了它们在蛋白质拓扑工程学、蛋白质材料以及蛋白纳米组装体等诸多方面的应用.蛋白质独特的可基因编码的特性赋予了其广泛的可修饰性和体内应用的潜力,而由其衍生的诸多蛋白质超分子结构更为发展人工蛋白质机器以及多功能的"活"材料奠定了基础. 相似文献
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译者点评:科学研究用的是纳税人的钱,对科研产出和效益方面加以管理似乎天经地义.然而,管理要求的大量文牍工作严重占用科学家的时间,会因此带来研究效率低下的问题.更严重的是,所谓科学管理采用的论文数、专利数、影响因子等量化指标不能正确反映科学价值, 相似文献
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采用高效毛细管电泳对硫代硫酸盐提金浸出液中的S3O62-和S4O62-进行分析研究,对缓冲溶液,电压、和检测波长对分析的影响进行了探讨。适宜的分离条件为:5 mmol/L(NH4)2SO4、5 mmol/L NaH2PO4,pH 6的缓冲溶液;重力进样5s,电压-20kV,波长214nm,有效长度为30 cm。在0.1~6 mmol/L和0.05~4mmol/L范围内S3O62-和S4O62-浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,在此进样条件下,S3O62-与S4O62-浓度高于80与50 mmol/L时信噪比大于2。实际浸金液用缓冲溶液稀释100倍后,S3O62-与S4O62-可实现基线分离,其它离子几乎不干扰检测。 相似文献
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采用循环伏安法测量水溶液中β-环糊精(β-CD)/哌啶氮氧自由基(以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧化物(TEMPO)为例)体系氧化还原电位及峰值电流,并基于此探讨TEMPO与β-CD之间的包结反应。电化学测量表明,在pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,以玻碳电极为工作电极,随β-CD浓度增大,β-CD/TEMPO体系的峰电位不断增大,峰电流不断减小。通过电位法测得TEMPO与β-CD的包络比为1∶1,包络常数KS为154L/mol,与电流法测得的包络常数基本吻合。 相似文献