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1.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface.  相似文献   
2.
Year-round measurements of the mass concentration and optical properties of fine aerosols(PM2.5) from June 2009 to May 2010 at an urban site in Beijing were analyzed.The annual mean values of the PM2.5 mass concentration,absorption coefficient(Ab),scattering coefficient(Sc) and single scattering albedo(SSA)at 525 nm were 67±66μg/m3,64 ±62 Mm-1,360 ±405 Mm-1 and 0.82 ±0.09,respectively.The bulk mass absorption efficiency and scattering efficiency of the PM2.5 at 525 nm were 0.78 m2/g and 5.55 m2/g,respectively.The Ab and Sc showed a similar diurnal variation with a maximum at night and a minimum in the afternoon,whereas SSA displayed an opposite diurnal pattern.Significant increases in the Ab and Sc were observed in pollution episodes caused by the accumulation of pollutants from both local and regional sources under unfavorable weather conditions.Aerosol loadings in dust events increased by several times in the spring,which had limited effects on the Ab and Sc due to the low absorption and scattering efficiency of dust particles.The frequency of haze days was the highest in autumn because of the high aerosol absorption and scattering under unfavorable weather conditions.The daily PM2.5concentration should be controlled to a level lower than 64 μg/m3 to prevent the occurrence of haze days according to its exponentially decreased relationship with visibility.  相似文献   
3.
We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.  相似文献   
4.
A stereoselective synthesis of 14‐membered macrolide hamigeromycin E ( 6 ) has been studied by employing ortho‐lithiated formylation, Barbier allylation, JuliaKocienski olefination, Mitsunobu esterification, and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reactions. The final RCM reaction did not provide the target molecule. This study has prompted us to synthesize a stereoisomer of zeaenol and accomplish the total synthesis with the above protocols.  相似文献   
5.
纵向数据下广义估计方程估计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
广义估计方程方法是一种最一般的参数估计方法,广泛地应用于生物统计、经济计量、医疗保险等领域.在纵向数据下,由于组间数据是相关的,为了提高估计的效率,广义估计方程方法一般需要考虑个体组内相关性.因此,大多数文献对个体组内的协方差矩阵进行参数假设,但假设的合理性及协方差矩阵估计的好坏对参数估计效率产生很大影响,同时参数假设也可能导致模型误判.针对纵向数据下广义估计方程,本文提出了改进的GMM方法和经验似然方法,并对给出的估计量建立了大样本性质.其中分块的思想,避免了对个体组内相关性结构进行假设,从这种意义上说,这种方法具有一定的稳健性.我们还通过两个模拟的例子,考察了文中提出估计量的有限样本性质.  相似文献   
6.
The separations of single-wall carbon nanotubes on length by sepharose gel were investigated in this work. The solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium deoxycholate were applied as the eluent in sequence. SEM and Raman were used to characterize the length of nanotube bundles. The results show that the longer nanotubes were eluted out first, and then the shorter tubes were followed by the sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the separated order was totally reversed by the sodium deoxycholate. By this method, the process generated nanotube fractions not only were narrower in length distributions, but also could control the separation orders by changing the eluents. Moreover, the separation principle was also discussed.  相似文献   
7.
本文使用脉冲激光沉积方法在正交的NdGaO3(001)衬底上外延生长了La0.67Cao.33MnO3薄膜.退火后,由于外延应变引起薄膜正交畸变增强,薄膜在低于250K的整个温度区间都出现了铁磁金属态和反铁磁绝缘态的相分离和相竞争.这两相的竞争强烈依赖于磁场相对晶轴的方向,由此导致存在于很宽温度范围内的低场各向异性磁阻...  相似文献   
8.
Aiming at regional services,the space segment of COMPASS (Phase I) satellite navigation system is a constellation of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO),Inclined Geostationary Earth Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites.Precise orbit determination (POD) for the satellites is limited by the geographic distribution of regional tracking stations.Independent time synchronization (TS) system is developed to supplement the regional tracking network,and satellite clock errors and orbit data may be obtai...  相似文献   
9.
A novel reaction of trimethylsilylated arylacetylenes with sulfonyl chlorides was performed in the presence of silver nitrate or triflate.Conjugated vinyl sulfones as dramatic products were obtained in moderate yields and with Z-selectivity.A free radical mechanism has been proposed to account for the formation of the products.  相似文献   
10.
Let H be a finite-dimensional hereditary algebra over an algebraically closed field k and C F m be the repetitive cluster category of H with m ≥ 1. We investigate the properties of cluster tilting objects in C F m and the structure of repetitive clustertilted algebras. Moreover, we generalize Theorem 4.2 in [12] (Buan A, Marsh R, Reiten I. Cluster-tilted algebra, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 359(1)(2007), 323-332.) to the situation of C F m , and prove that the tilting graph KCFm of C F m is connected.  相似文献   
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